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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds. II. Seasonal cycles of abundance in the populations of several species of copepods and their eggs in the Inland Sea of Japan (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 31 (1975), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal cycles of abundance of populations of dominant calanoid copepods in the water column and of their eggs recovered from the bottom sediment in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan are described. The numbers of both copepods and eggs fluctuated markedly with season in an essentially similar pattern among the 6 species studied (Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht, Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, Acartia erythraea Giesbrecht, A. clausi Giesbrecht, Centropages abdominalis Sato, C. yamadai Mori). The density of eggs in the sea bottom was highest shortly before the population of adults and late copepodids disappeared from the plankton; the numbers of eggs then gradually decreased until the appearance of the next planktonic population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390644
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds. IV. Effects of some environmental factors on the hatching of resting eggs (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 51 (1979), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hatching of resting eggs of 6 species of marine calanoid copepods,Calanopia thompsoni, Labidocera bipinnata, Acartia erythraea, A. clausi, Centropages abdominalis andC. gamadai, recovered from neritic sea-bottom muds in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan was examined under various environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, illumination and presence of bottom mud). Temperature and oxygen concentration were found to be important factors affecting hatching. The respective ranges of temperature in which the eggs of each species hatched correspond closely to the range of temperature at which the planktonic population of that species was observed in the natural environment. Extremely low oxygen concentrations in the water completely inhibited hatching in all species. A wide range or, salinity and the presence or absence of illumination did not prevent hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555194
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in November 1988 and March 1989, when the water temperature was weakly stratified in a reversed manner. In both investigations a pronounced ontogenetic difference in vertical distribution was found. Spawning always occurred during nighttime, being confined to the upper 40 m water column in November but to the layer below 35 m in March. The distribution of pre-feeding nauplius stages, NI and NII, was more or less similar to that of the eggs. The first-feeding NIII performed a marked upward migration, and late nauplius stages (NIV to NVI) and early copepodite stages (CI and CII) continuously aggregated in the upper water column where phytoplankton was abundant. CIII to CVI (adult female and male) tended to disperse in the whole water column. In November, however, they avoided the upper 10 m strate during daytime and some individuals migrated upward to the surface during nighttime. In March, CV and CVI aggregated in the layer between 5 and 15 m deep in the daytime and migrated both upward and downward at dusk, resulting in homogeneous distributions during the nighttime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349164
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calanoid copepod eggs in sea-bottom muds (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 26 (1974), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have found numerous eggs of neritic copepods in sea-bottom sediments. Eggs of 6 species of calanoid copepods: Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht, Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, Acartia erythraea Giesbrecht, A. clausi Giesbrecht, Centropages abdominalis Sato and C. yamadai Mori are described and illustrated. The possibility that these eggs “rest” in the sediments, and their biological significance, are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388886
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepodCalanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepodCalanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in summer 1988, when the water was thermally stratified with a thermocline of ca 5 °C between 35 and 45 m. Stage-specific differences in the diel vertical migration behavior ofC. sinicus were found. Eggs were spawned primarily within the surface-waters between midnight and dawn by ascending females, and sank gradually to deeper waters until they hatched into nauplii. Non-feeding nauplius stages (NI and II) were distributed throughout the water column, but the first feeding stage (NIII) performed an ontogenetic upward migration. NIV to VI and copepodite (C) stages I to III continuously aggregated in the phytoplankton-rich euphotic layer. However, the depth of the median CI to III populations descended as stage progressed. The onset of prominent diel vertical migration took place in CIV, and the amplitude of vertical migration increased with age, being maximal in adult females (CVI♀). Adult males (CVI♂), however, remained in the layer below 20 m, and did not migrate dielly. The ecological significance of ontogenetic diel vertical migration is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314341
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the Inland Sea of Japan (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 117 (1993), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ontogenetic diel vertical migration of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus was investigated in the Inland Sea of Japan in June 1989, when the water column was thermally weakly stratified. Because of fewer eggs and less variation in their abundance, nocturnal spawning was not apparent. A pronounced upward migration occurred in NIII. NIII to CIII resided in the upper 20 m layer throughout the day, and from CIV on their median depths descended. CV and adult females underwent significant diel vertical migration, whereas adult males did not migrate. By integrating the results from the present study and those from our previous investigations (in August–September 1988, November 1988 and March 1989), we review seasonal variation in the ontogenetic diel vertical migration of C. sinicus. Spawning was largely nocturnal, reaching its maximum level around dawn, but spawning depth and fecundity changed seasonally. The distribution of pre-feeding stages, NI and NII, was similar to that of eggs. A pronounced upward migration always occurred in the first feeding stage, NIII, and late nauplii and early copepodites always resided in the food-rich upper layer, indicating that upward migration by NIII is feeding migration. As the stages progressed, they extended their vertical distribution range, and CV and adult females usually underwent diel vertical migration. However, the pattern and strength of this migration differed seasonally. Their day depths increased with the increase of relative biomass of planktivorous fish, indicating that predator avoidance induces their diurnal downward migration. High chlorophyll a concentrations in the upper layer (〈15 m deep) relative to the lower layer (〉20 m deep) amplified their diel vertical migrations. Diel vertical migration of C. sinicus is a phenotypic behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345674
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of the planktonic copepods in a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan. I. Centropages abdominalis (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1996), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Population dynamics and production of the calanoid copepod Centropages abdominalis were studied from November 1986 to November 1987 in Fukuyama Harbor, in the central part of the Inland Sea of Japan. This species was present in the plankton during a cold-water period from November to June (temperature range: 8.9 to 21.1 °C), with a peak abundance (23 600 ind m−3) in February. During this period, six generations could be detected, and each generation time agreed well with that predicted from food-satiated laboratory experiments, indicating that the natural population was not food-limited. The population suffered extremely high mortality during the period from egg to naupliar stage (N) II: only 0.02 to 4% of the eggs survived to NII. However, the mortality in stages older than NII was almost negligible. The growth rate of C. abdominalis increased exponentially with increasing temperature. Its biomass and production rate showed marked seasonal variations largely in parallel with numerical abundance. The estimated production between 7 November 1986 and 29 May 1987 was 355 mg C m−3 or 2.66 g C m−2, 95% of which occurred during February and March. The daily production rate to biomass ratio increased exponentially with temperature from 0.18 at 8.9°C to 0.37 at 19°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351034
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of the planktonic copepods in a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan. III.Paracalanus sp. (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 127 (1996), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Population dynamics and production of the calanoid copepodParacalanus sp. were studied from November 1986 to November 1987 in Fukuyama Harbor, a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan. This species was perennial, with a large abundance peak in June/July and small peaks in September/October and November/December. During a year of investigation, 15 generations Gould be detected. For each generation, the mean population egg production rate and the mean daily midstage abundance front NIII to CV were determined to obtain a survival curve from egg to CV. The mortality was extremely high during the early life stages: on average only 7.1% of the eggs produced might survive into NIII. This high mortality might be caused by predation by sympatric omnivorous copepods, in addition to sinking loss of eggs from the waten column. The biomass ofParacalanus sp. showed marked seasonal variations largely in parallel with numerical abundance. The instantaneous growth rate of each developmental stage increased exponentially with temperature up to 20 °C, above which the rate was constant. The annual integrated production rate was 734 mg C m−3 yr−1 or 5.5 g C m−2 yr−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00942106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal reproductive biology of the egg-carrying calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus in a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In situ egg production of the egg-carrying calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus was investigated in Fukuyama Harbor, a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan, at 3- to 5-d intervals for a year. This species reproduced throughout the year, and the adults showed a large abundance peak in June/July and a small peak in September/October. Females usually outnumbered males, comprising 61.4% of the annual mean. The composition of ovigerous females varied from 7.9 to 100%, with an annual mean of 55.7%. Adult prosome length was consistently large throughout winter and spring, and decreased with increasing temperature in summer and fall. Egg diameter varied from 98 to 121 μm, and was negatively correlated to temperature. The seasonal variation in clutch size (range: 15.1 to 38.2 eggs) was bicyclical, with peaks in May and December. The egg production rate of breeding females was low in January to March (mean: 2.3 eggs female−1 d−1), while it was constantly high from mid-May to early October (mean: 12.1 eggs female−1 d−1). The specific egg production rate for the breeding females was highly correlated to temperature; it increased linearly from 0.03 d−1 at 9 °C to 0.27 d−1 at 26 °C. Compared to other co-occurring copepods, the reproductive rate of P. marinus was lowest, which is one of the reasons why this species never dominates in this inlet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of the planktonic copepods in a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan. IV. Pseudodiaptomus marinus, the egg-carrying calanoid (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Population dynamics and production of the egg-carrying calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus were studied for a year in Fukuyama Harbor, a eutrophic inlet of the Inland Sea of Japan. This species was perennial, with a large numerical peak in June and small peaks in September/October and November/December. During the study period, at least 11 generations could be detected. For each generation, the stage-specific survival from egg to Copepodite Stage (C) V was determined; it was very high during early life stages (egg to NIII), and gradually decreased beyond. On average, 94% of eggs recruited into NIII, which is strongly contrasted with very high (〉ca. 90%) mortality during the corresponding stages for free-spawning copepods, i.e. Acartia omorii, Centropages abdominalis and Paracalans sp. This demonstrates that the egg-carrying strategy has a great advantage to reduce mortality in egg stage. The biomass of this species showed marked seasonal variations largely in parallel with numerical abundance. The instantaneous somatic growth rate increased linearly with temperature. The population production rate was estimated as the sum of somatic growth of larval stages and egg production of adult females; the annual integration was 51.0 mg C m−3 yr−1 or 0.38 g C m−2 yr−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050107
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