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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of extracellular carbonic anhydrase in epiphyseal growth cartilage (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 428-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Epiphyseal cartilage ; Carbonic anhydrase ; Calcification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The distribution of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes C and B in the rat epiphyseal growth cartilage was demonstrated by an immunohistochemical method. The isoenzymes were found in different locations. Isoenzyme C was in the extracellular matrix of the hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage, and no reaction was observed in the chondrocytes. In contrast, the antiserum against isoenzyme B revealed only a weak cellular staining. This supports the hypothesis that carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C, which is the high-activity form, changes the pH in the extracellular fluid of calcifying cartilage, favoring the deposition of calcium phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411279
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix vesicles in chicken epiphyseal cartilage. Separation from lysosomes and the distribution of inorganic pyrophosphatase activity (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Epiphyseal cartilage ; Gradient centrifugation ; Lysosomal enzymes ; Inorganic pyrophosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The extracellular matrix vesicles from epiphyseal cartilage of chickens were isolated by differential centrifugation. The matrix vesicles obtained showed considerable activity of lysosomal enzymes. This appears to have been due to lysosomal contamination because when we used a new density gradient medium (Percoll®), the lysosomal enzyme activities and the activity of alkaline phosphatase could be totally separated. Electron microscopy of the alkaline phosphatase-rich fraction showed matrix vesicle-like structures. Phosphatase activities of the cells and matrix vesicles were further studied by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Specific magnesium-activated inorganic pyrophosphatase, distinct from nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, could be demonstrated in the cellular fraction. No such separate activity could be demonstrated in the matrix vesicle fraction, and it is supposed that the pyrophosphatase activity in the matrix vesicles originates from the alkaline phosphatase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441219
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium incorporation in matrix vesicles isolated from chicken epiphyseal cartilage (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Epiphyseal cartilage ; Calcification ; Alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Matrix vesicles isolated from chicken epiphyseal cartilage displayed an uptake of Ca2+ which was linear with time and the amount of vesicle protein. The matrix vesicles stimulated the incorporation of Ca2+ even at very low Ca × P, suggesting that they could bind Ca2+ and/or increase the local Ca × P to the metastable level. This uptake was abolished by EDTA or heating, and partially inhibited by cysteine, to the same extent as the hydrolysis of ATP. There was also a certain uptake of Ca2+ without added phosphate, this being stimulated by ATP up to 3 mmol, but diminishing again with higher concentrations. The presence of ATP failed to stimulate the uptake of Ca2+ more than an equimolar amount of phosphate in the form of inorganic KH2PO4. Mg2+ activated the hydrolysis ofp-nitrophenylphosphate at pH 10.5, and both Mg2+ and Ca2+ the hydrolysis of ATP from pH 7 to 9.5. Paradoxically, the omission of Mg2+ stimulated the uptake of Ca2+ several-fold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408632
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Postmenopausal Estrogen Treatment on Some Diagnostic Salivary Variables (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 694 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18366.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of running exercise on the bone loss induced by orchidectomy in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Rat ; Orchidectomy ; Exercise ; Strength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of exercise on castration-induced osteoporosis in 3-month-old male rats weighing 264±4 g at the beginning of the experiment was studied. A testosterone deficiency was induced by orchidectomy (ORC), and the exercise group ran 10 m/minute for 1 hour a day on a treadmill at 0% grade. There were seven groups of eight rats (n=56) randomized into a control group killed at time 0, and sham, ORC and ORC and exercise groups killed at 4 and 8 weeks. ORC reduced body weight gain (with analysis of variance (ANOVA) P〈0.001), and at 4 weeks the body weight was 343±14 g in ORC group and 301±4 g in the ORC and exercise group (P〈0.01). The increase in femoral length was slower in the ORC+exercise groups. The ash weight of the tibia did not decrease significantly after ORC or ORC+ exercise. ORC did not affect 45Ca incorporation, but exercise slightly increased it in the whole tibia 8 weeks after ORC (with ANOVA P=0.057). ORC had significantly lowered the trabecular bone volume in the secondary spongiosa of the distal femur at 4 and 8 weeks, and exercise did not prevent this. This is an opposite finding to our previous study with ovariectomized female rats [12]. ORC also significantly had reduced the osteoblast-lined trabecular bone surface and the number of osteoclasts by 8 weeks after the operation. Exercise increased the osteoblast-lined surface and the number of osteoclasts. The mechanical strength of the femoral neck also was reduced after ORC and this was not prevented by exercise either. In conclusion, ORC reduces bone growth and turnover which leads to osteopenia in growing rats. Moderate treadmill exercise does not reverse the ORC-induced loss of trabecular bone and the reduced mechanical strength of the femoral neck, although it has a positive effect on the osteoblast and osteoclast indices and on calcium incorporation into bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310166
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss Can be Affected by Different Intensities of Treadmill Running Exercise in Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 441 -448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteopenia — Training — Bone — Mechanical strength — Rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (OVX, n= 24), sham-operated (Sham, n= 24), or sacrificed (n= 8) at the beginning of the experiment to serve as a baseline group. The OVX and Sham groups were further randomly divided into control (CTRL), slow running (R10), and faster running (R18) groups. R10 and R18 groups ran for 2 × 30 min/day for 8 weeks at speeds of 10 m/min and 18 m/min, respectively. Exercise did not affect the mechanical or histomorphometric parameters of bone in the sham-operated rats. There was no effect of exercise on body weight gain in the OVX-R10 group, but in OVX-R18 it decreased the gain of body weight. In the OVX–CTRL group the maximal load and energy absorption of the femoral neck were 16.7% (P 〈 0.001) and 30.0% (P 〈 0.001) lower than in the Sham–CTRL group, respectively. In OVX animals, slow running had a positive effect on the maximal load of the femoral neck (86.5 N) when compared with OVX–CTRL rats (77.1 N, P 〈 0.07). 51.7% of the trabecular bone was lost in the distal femur as a result of OVX and exercise reduced this loss to 30.2% (R10) and 39.9% (R18). Ovariectomy increased the bone formation rate (BFR) and the mineral apposition rate (MAR) on the periosteum of the femoral shaft. Exercise decreased the periosteal BFR and MAR in OVX rats, but increased it at the endosteum. Osteoclast numbers in the femoral metaphysis were increased after OVX and running exercise inhibited this effect significantly. The maximal bending load of the humerus increased after OVX by 12.1% (P 〈 0.05). Exercise enhanced this effect, the slow running being more effective. These results suggest that bone in OVX rats is either more sensitive to exercise than in sham-operated rats or that the higher body weight with slow running induces optimal loading and strengthens the bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900260
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clodronate Prevents Bone Loss in Aged Ovariectomized Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 151 -157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteopenia — Aged rat — Clodronate — Histomorphometry — Biomechanics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of clodronate to prevent ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteopenia in aged rats. Fourteen-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 166) were randomized into six groups. One group was sacrificed at the start of the study, four groups were ovariectomized, and one group was sham-operated (Sham). The OVX rats were given subcutaneously either vehicle (veh) or clodronate at doses of 3, 7, or 25 mg/kg once a week for 3 months, and the Sham rats were given the vehicle. At all dose levels clodronate inhibited trabecular bone loss in the distal femur and in the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4), and decreased bone resorption as evidenced by urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion. The lowest dose of clodronate preserved serum osteocalcin and endosteal bone formation of secondary spongiosa in L4 at the level of the Sham/veh group. The OVX-induced increase in periosteal bone formation of femoral diaphysis was unaffected by two smaller doses of clodronate, but was decreased to the level of Sham rats after the highest dose. After 3 mg/kg clodronate, the percentage of femoral cortical bone area and the mean relative cortical thickness were higher compared with the OVX/veh group. There was a good positive correlation between the maximum load in three-point bending of the tibia and tibial ash weight. Normal lamellar pattern of newly formed cancellous and cortical bone was found after clodronate treatment. No signs of adverse accumulation of osteoid or any deleterious effect on mechanical strength of long bones and lumbar vertebrae were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900314
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II in human bone, cartilage and giant cell tumor (1984)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 81 (1984), S. 485-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II have been localized in human bone and cartilage. Osteoclasts are strongly positive for carbonic anhydrase II but very little if any reaction is observed for carbonic anhydrase I. In tendon giant cell tumor osteoclastlike-giant cells contained high amounts of carbonic anhydrase II suggesting the close relation of these cells to normal osteoclasts. In growth plate cartilage strong staining was obtained in late proliferative and hypertrophic chondroxytes as well as in extracellular matrix of hypertrophic zone also only with anti-human carbonic anhydrase II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489754
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and localization of human carbonic anhydrase (1985)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 83 (1985), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three different isoenzymes of human carbonic anhydrase are now well characterized. Carbonic anhydrase I and II have been known for several years and are located in high amounts in red blood cells as well as in many other tissues. Carbonic anhydrase III, a protein showing CO2 hydratase and p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity was isolated from skeletal muscle some years ago. Earlier observations based on enzyme activity and radioimmunoassay studies have suggested that this protein is present in greater quantities in red skeletal muscles than in white ones. We have purified CA III from human soleus muscle and using obtained monospecific polyclonal antibody localized this protein in the same muscle fibers which show acid resistant ATPase activity. Using this protein as a marker for type I muscle fibers, fiber classification into type I and II could now be done also from paraffin embedded sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00953989
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on lumbar spine mobility and low back symptoms in a healthy early postmenopausal female population: a 2-year randomized controlled trial (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Estrogen ; Back ; Postmenopause ; Mobility ; Female
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on the lumbar spine mobility and back symptoms of early postmenopausal women. The population sample consisted of 78 healthy, 49- to 55-year-old women, 0.5–5 years after menopause, who were randomized into three groups, two receiving different protocols of estradiol valerate combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate replacement therapy, and the third group a placebo. These groups were then randomized into exercise and control cases and monitored for 2 years. The mobility of the lumbar spine was measured and symptoms investigated using the Million and Oswestry pain and disability questionnaires and pain drawings at the baseline and after 1 and 2 years. During the follow-up, the mobility of the lumbar spine decreased in all six groups. The decrease was most evident in those who had been the most flexible at baseline (P 〈 0.0001). The decrease was less notable in the hormone replacement therapy groups than in the control group. When the replacement therapy groups were pooled together, the difference was significant at a P 〈 0.05 level. No difference was seen between the hormone combinations. The exercise intervention was insufficient to influence lumbar spine mobility. Only sporadic cases of back symptoms appeared and disappeared among the subjects during the follow-up, and no preventive or aggravating effects of hormone replacement therapy or the exercise program on symptoms were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050094
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