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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 13 (1985), S. 119-146 
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 15 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: White mica from the Liassic black shales and slates in Central Switzerland was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron microprobe to determine its textural and compositional evolution during very low-grade prograde metamorphism. Samples were studied from the diagenetic zone, anchizone and epizone (T ≈100°–450 °C). Phyllosilicate minerals analysed include illite/smectite (I/S), phengite, muscovite, brammallite, paragonite, margarite and glauconite. Textural evolution primarily is towards larger, more defect-free grains with compositions that approach those of their respective end-members. The smectite-to-illite transformation reduced the amounts of the exchange components SiK−1Al−1, MgSiAl−2, and Fe3+Al−1. These trends continue to a lesser degree in the anchizone and epizone. Correlations between the proportion of smectite in I/S and the composition of I/S indicate that smectite layers may contain a high layer charge. Illite in I/S bears a compositional resemblance to macrocrystalline phengite in some samples, but is different in others. Paragonite first appears in the upper diagenetic zone or lower anchizone as an interlayer-deficient brammallite, and it may be mixed with muscovite on the nanometre scale. Owing to the small calculated structure factor for paragonite-muscovite superstructures, conventional X-ray powder diffraction cannot distinguish between mixed-layer structures and a homogeneous compositionally intermediate solid solutions. However, indirect TEM evidence shows that irregularly shaped domains of Na- and K-rich mica exist below 10 nm. Subsequent coarsening of domains at higher grades produced discrete paragonite grains at the margins of muscovite crystals or in laths parallel to the basal plane of the host muscovite. Margarite appears in the epizone and follows a textural evolution similar to paragonite in that mixtures of margarite, paragonite, and muscovite may initially occur on the nanometre scale. However, no evidence of interlayer-poor margarite has been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy shows that there is an ordered modulated structure in orthoclase (Or84.6Ab13.1An2.3) (Or = orthoclase, Ab = albite, An = anorthite) of an augite monzonite from Wulian, Shandong Province, Northern China. The modulated orthoclase is composed of a series of triclinic (010) layer domains with C\overline 1 symmetry. Each domain has a thickness of 4d010 and the domains are periodically arranged along the b axis. The modulation period along the b axis is thus 104 Å (= 8d010). The relationship between the extended unit-cell parameters of the modulated structure (supercell) and the triclinic subcell parameters is: asup \simeqasub; bsup = 8d010 \simeq 8bsub; Csup \simeq Csub; βsup \simeq βsub. The probable space group of the commensurately modulated orthoclase is Pm. The modulated structure probably forms during the phase transition from sanidine (C2/m symmetry) to microcline (C\overline 1 symmetry) through the segregation of Al atoms from T2 sites into T1(0) and T1(m) sites, respectively, in neighboring domains, which are in the albite-twin relationship. The ordering of Al atoms in the tetrahedral sites during the phase transition results in a sinusoidal deviation of the crystal structure from monoclinic symmetry. The Al–Si distribution near the domain boundary positions is likely to be relatively disordered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 67 (1999), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'origine, primaire (magmatique) ou secondaire après l'elpidite (metasomatose du Ca), des zirconosilicates riches en calcium, soit l'armstrongite et la gittinsite, dans le complexe granitique sub-solvus de Strange Lake (Québec-Labrador, Canada) a fait l'objet de controverses. Ces zirconosilicates, ainsi que le zircon et l'amphibole, contiennent la majeur partie du zirconium présent dans ce complexe qui comprend un gisement important de Zr, Terres-Rares, Y, Nb et Be. Dans cette étude, un examen des relations texturales entres les zirconosilicates par cathodoluminescence (CL) et par microscope électronique en transmission (MET) a été effectué afin de clarifier leur origine. Les observations en optique naturelle et en CL montrent que l'armstrongite et, subséquemment, la gittinsite, se sont formés par remplacement épitaxique de l'elpidite. La gittinsite est généralement accompagnée par du quartz et par des quantités variables d'hématite. Les résultats de la MET suggèrent un remplacement de l'elpidite par de l'armstrongite pauvrement cristallisé, suivi, soit par de 1a gittinsite et du quartz, soit par du zircon et du quartz. La présence d'elpidite riche en Ca et sa structure cristalline similaire a celle de l'armstrongite indique q'il existe une solution solide depuis l'elpidite vers l'armstrongite. De plus, un enrichissement en Mn et en Fe de la gittinsite (parfois aussi en Y), et en Y de l'armstrongite et du zircon, déterminé par analyse au microscope électronique (AEM), est corrélé avec la présence de ces éléments dans un fluide responsable de la métasomatose du Ca. Les relations de structure et de composition entre l'elpidite primaire, magmatique, et l'armstrongite, la gittinsite et le quartz, indiquent que l'elpidite a été remplacée par ces derniers durant un épisode de métasomatose du Ca.
    Notes: Summary The origin, whether primary (magmatic) or secondary (Ca-metasomatic) after elpidite, of the Ca-rich zirconosilicates armstrongite and gittinsite in the subsolvus granite of the Strange Lake peralkaline complex (Quebec-Labrador border, Canada) has been a well debated topic. These zirconosilicates, along with zircon and amphibole, account for most of the Zr in the associated Zr-, REE-, Y-, Nb-, and Be-rich ore deposit. In this study, cathodoluminescence (CL) examination and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to shed light on the relationships among and origin of these zirconosilicates. Optical and CL observations indicate that elpidite undergoes epitaxial replacement by armstrongite and, subsequently, by gittinsite. This gittinsite is generally associated with quartz and variable amounts of hematite. TEM results suggest the bulk replacement of elpidite by poorly crystalline armstrongite, followed by gittinsite and quartz, or zircon and quartz. The Ca-rich compositions of elpidite and its structural similarity with armstrongite imply the existence of a solid solution with armstrongite. Moreover, the enrichment of gittinsite in Mn and Fe (and in some cases Y), and armstrongite and zircon in Y, as determined by analytical electron microscopy (AEM), correlates with the presence of these elements in the Ca-metasomatic fluid. These structural and compositional relationships indicate that the primary, magmatic elpidite is replaced by armstrongite and, subsequently, by gittinsite and quartz during Ca metasomatism of the complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 301 (1983), S. 473-477 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Enstatite (MgSiO3) whiskers and platelets have been observed in interplanetary dust particles collected from the stratosphere. Their unique crystal morphologies and microstructures, such as axial screw dislocations, strongly suggest that they are primary vapour phase condensates which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The present observations are from samples BCSCO-a and BCSCO-b of Hazen et al.2. All selected-area electron diffraction microscopy (SAED), X-ray analytical electron microscopy (AEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) experiments were performed with a Philips 420 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 19 (1993), S. 357-360 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The unique cation-disordered crystal structures of two samples of phase E, a non-stoichiometric, hydrous silicate synthesized in a uniaxial, split-sphere, multi-anvil apparatus at conditions above 13 GPa and 1000° C, have been solved and refined in space group $$\bar 3$$ . The compositions and unit cells for the two materials, assuming six oxygens per cell, are Mg2.08Si1.16H3.20O6, a=2.9701(1) Å, c=13.882(1) Å V = 106.05(4) Å3 for sample 1, and Mg2.17Si1.01H3.62O6, a=2.9853(6) Å, c=13.9482(7) Å, V= 107.65(4) Å3 for sample 2. The structure contains layers with many features of brucite-type units, with the layers stacked in a rhombohedral arrangement. The layers are cross linked by silicon in tetrahedral coordination and magnesium in octahedral coordination, as well as hydrogen bonds. Interlay er octahedra share edges with intralayer octahedra. Interlayer tetrahedra would share faces with intralayer octahedra. To avoid this situation, there are vacancies within the layers. There is, however, no long-range order in the occupation of these sites, as indicated by the lack of a superstructure. Selected-area electron diffraction patterns show walls of diffuse intensity similar in geometry and magnitude to those observed in short-range-ordered alloys and Hågg phases. Phase E thus appears to represent a new class of disordered silicates, which may be thermodynamically metastable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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