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  • 1
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The repeated application of pig slurry to agricultural soils may result in an accumulation of salts and a risk of aquifer pollution due to nitrate leaching and salinization. Under Mediterranean conditions, a field experiment on a sandy loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) was performed with maize (Zea mays) in 1998, 1999 and 2001 to study the effects of applying optimal (P1) and excessive rates (P3) of pig slurry on soil salinization, nitrate leaching and groundwater pollution. The rate of pig slurry was established considering the optimal N rate for maize in this soil (170, 162 and 176 kg N ha−1 for 1998, 1999 and 2001, respectively). Pig slurry treatments were compared to an optimal N rate supplied as urea (U) and a control treatment without N fertilizer (P0). The composition of the slurries showed great variability between years. Mean NO3− leaching losses from 1998 to 2001 were 329, 215, 173 and 78 kg N ha−1 for P3, P1, U and P0 treatments, respectively. The amount of total dissolved salts (TDS) added to the soil in slurry application between 1998 and 2001 was 2019 kg TDS ha−1 for the P1 treatment and 6058 kg TDS ha−1 for the P3 treatment. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the slurry-treated soils was greater than that of the control soil. The EC correlated significantly with the sodium concentration of the soil solution. Over the entire experimental period, 2653, 2202 and 2110 kg Na ha−1 entered the aquifer from the P3, P1 and P0 treatments, respectively. The P3 treatment did not significantly increase grain production in 1999 and 2001 compared with that achieved with the optimal N rate treatment (P1). This behaviour shows the importance of establishing application guidelines for pig slurry that will reduce the risk of soil and groundwater pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 48 (1994), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 0167-8809
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 27 (1988), S. 2903-2905 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Labiatae ; Salvia melissodora ; diterpenoids. ; neo-clerodanes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 107 (1985), S. 133-137 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrate leaching ; pollution ; fertilizer ; irrigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A nitrogenous controlled release fertilizer (Floranid 32) and a treatment of municipal organic waste compost were tested under two irrigation managements (conventional and ET-adjusted irrigation rates) with the aim of assessing risk of nitrate leaching to the aquifer. A check without N fertilizer was introduced. The experiment was carried out at La Poveda Field Station (30 km SE Madrid, Spain) in alluvial soils with water table depth at 4 m and under maize cropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, allocating 12 plots to each irrigation management. Although N fertilizer rate (150 kg ha−1) was reduced at half as related to a previous experiment, no difference in grain yields was observed. This result relates to a high content of soil-N. Floranid showed promising results in controlling N-leaching in comparison with urea that exhibited an accelerated rate of N release which finally determines low use of N by the plant and marked NO3 − leaching. Treatment of municipal waste compost showed NO3 − concentrations in the soil water solution of similar values as those of urea at 140 cm. ET-adjusted irrigation showed no drainage during the corn growing season and lower NO3 − concentrations in the soil water solution which could indicate a general lower rate of N solubilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Clinical manifestations ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; HIV-1 ; HTLV-I ; HTLV-II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) has recently been associated with the genesis of some subacute neurological syndromes and, rarely, with atypical T-lymphoid malignancies. The virus is endemic in some Amerindian and African tribes, and among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in North America and Europe. Given that HTLV-II is transmitted by the same routes as other human retroviruses, the screening of antibodies to HTLV-II in blood donors has became a matter of controversy in some countries. Herein, we describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of 113 individuals with HTLV-II infection identified in Spain up to September 1995. Most of them (94/113; 83%) were male, and all but seven were natives. Four were African immigrants living in Madrid and 3 had been born in other European countries. All but six subjects were IDUs, and sexual transmission of HTLV-II and transfusion were involved in five and one individual, respectively. Eighty-four percent of the IDUs infected with HTLV-II were co-infected by HIV-1 (93/107). Clinical manifestations potentially linked to HTLV-II were absent, although an IDU male co-infected by HIV-1 and HTLV-II developed a severe non-inflammatory proximal myopathy. In conclusion, HTLV-II infection is present in Spain, mainly among IDUs, with a growing incidence and a current overall prevalence of 2.0 percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Controlled release fertilizers ; electroultrafiltration ; nitrogen ; ryegrass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The efficiency of different nitrogenous fertilizers under forced leaching conditions was determined in pot experiments using ryegrass as an indicator plant in a sandy loam soil. Treatments were: ON (unfertilized), AN (ammonium nitrate), U (urea), DAP (diammonium phosphate), T (Triabon), FK (Floranid Komplett) and CDU (crotonylidendiurea). N source effects on N uptake, and N leached (as % of N applied) were evaluated. Results show that the fertilizers which behaved best with regard to N uptake were FK followed by Triabon and AN. The most soluble fertilizers, AN and urea, gave the highest N leaching losses. Significant correlations between EUF-NI (rapidly soluble fraction) and leaching, as well as between EUF-N (I + II) and N uptake by the plant (where EUF-N II relates to the slowly soluble fraction) were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertigation ; pre-plant fertilization ; slow-release fertilizer ; strawberry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen Se estudian las ventajas de una fertilización de fondo del cultivo de fresón, con un fertilizante de liberación lenta (nitrophoska permanent), previa a la fertilización. Se utilizó un suelo arenoso y se reprodujo una alta pluviosidad en los ensayos. En cultivo de invernadero se comprobó, mediante el análisis de drenajes, una menor pérdida de N y por lo tanto menor contaminación de acuíferos, para el NPK de liberación lenta mezclado con el suelo. Sin embargo, cuando este fertilizante se localiza a 10 cm de la superficie como en el caso de plantas ornamentales los resultados son menos positivos. Por tanto, el fertilizante de liberación lenta, mezclado con el suelo, proporciona mayor exportación de N por la planta y mayor peso de hoja y raiz, así como mejores rendimientos.
    Notes: Abstract The advantages of pre-plant fertilization were studied by using a slow-release fertilizer (nitrophoska permanent) with strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa, cv Chandler) before fertigation. A sandy soil was used in the experiment in conditions of abundant rain. When the slow-release NPK was mixed with soil, the leachate analysis of a glasshouse crop showed a lower loss of N and therefore a lower degree of ground water contamination compared with the traditional NPK fertilizer. However, when the fertilizer in question was placed at 10 cm from the surface, as in the case of ornamental plants, the results were less favourable. Consequently, the slow-release fertilizer mixed with the soil not only increases the N uptake by the plant as well as the leaf and root weight, but it also produces higher yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 269-274 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphorus fixation ; calcareous soils ; coated fertilizer ; diammonium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, phosphorus fixation in calcareous soils is controlled by means of rosin-coated diammonium phosphate pellets, with several rates of phosphorus release. Four soils from arid regions in the Spanish south-east were chosen and separately treated with one of the following fertilizers: superphosphate (SP) or diammonium phosphate (DAP) coated with 0, 10 or 22% rosin with a dosage of 1000 Kg P/ha. After treatment, the soils were incubated for 8 months, in the course of which samples were taken to evaluate the evolution of P availability by means of the electroultrafiltration (EUF) technique. The results obtained show that the use of DAP with a 22% coating enables phosphorus fixation in calcareous soils to be controlled. The coating was sufficiently stable to last for the time it takes the crop to grow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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