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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucagon deficiency associated with hypoglycaemia and the absence of islet cell antibodies in the polyglandular failure syndrome before the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A case report (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 336-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Polyglandular failure syndrome ; hypoglycaemia ; glucose counter-regulation ; diabetes mellitus ; glucagon deficiency ; glucagon and plasma amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case of a female patient with fasting hypoglycaemia before the development of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is reported. She presented with primary hypothyroidism, partial hypopituitarism, adrenal insufficiency and glucagon deficiency. Thyroid microsomal and gastric parietal cell antibodies were detected as well as HLA-B8, whereas islet cell antibodies were not demonstrable, even 2 years after the onset of diabetes. Plasma chromatography revealed true pancreatic glucagon (IRG3500) close to undetectable in basal samples with a questionable increase from 3 to 18 pg/ml during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. After an overnight fast, moderate hyperaminoacidaemia was found with elevations of alanine, glycine, serine, arginine and ornithine as seen in pancreatectomized patients. It is suggested that the deficient glucagon secretion in this patient might, at least in part, have been the cause of fasting hypoglycaemia and the failure of glucose recovery following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Possibly, the A cell deficiency was part of the polyglandular failure syndrome in this patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253197
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a phospho-oligosaccharidic putative insulin messenger on insulin release in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin release ; pancreatic islets ; phospho-oligosaccharide ; insulin messenger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The phospho-oligosaccharide extracted from rat liver and supposed to act as the insulin second messenger inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. In the present study, this phospho-oligosaccharide was found not to affect D-[U-14C]glucose oxidation and 45Ca net uptake, but to inhibit insulin release evoked by either D-glucose or 2-ketoisocaproate in isolated rat islets. The relative extent of the latter inhibition was unaffected by either the concentration of D-glucose or the presence of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, forskolin or glucagon in the incubation medium. At variance with the inhibitory effect of clonidine, that of the phospho-oligosaccharide was resistant to both blockade of α2-adrenergic receptors or pre-treatment with the toxin of Bordetella pertussis. It is speculated, therefore, that such a phospho-oligosaccharide might interfere with a distal event in the insulin secretory sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265545
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potent glycogenic effect of GLP-1(7–36)amide in rat skeletal muscle (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1163-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words GLP-1(7 ; 36)amide ; glycogenesis ; skeletal muscle.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary GLP-1(7–36)amide is an intestinal posttranslational proglucagon product released mainly after carbohydrate ingestion, the glucose dependent insulinotropic and antidiabetogenic actions of which have been documented. In this work, by exploring whether GLP-1(7–36)amide has any effect on the glucose metabolism of the muscle, we have observed that this peptide, at physiological concentrations, exerts in this tissue an increment of the d-[U-14C]glucose incorporated into glycogen, which is accompanied by an increase in the glycogen synthase a activity; also, it stimulates both glucose oxidation and lactate formation. These data indicate that the skeletal muscle is one of the target tissues for GLP-1(7–36)amide, where its insulin-like effect explains, at least in part, its plasma glucose lowering action; thus, GLP-1(7–36)amide may well be implicated in the physiological control of glucose homeostasis after meals, not only by acting as an incretin, but also by directly promoting glucose disposal. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1163–1166]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418382
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potent glycogenic effect of GLP-1(7–36)amide in rat skeletal muscle (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1163-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: GLP-1(7–36)amide ; glycogenesis ; skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary GLP-1(7–36)amide is an intestinal posttranslational proglucagon product released mainly after carbohydrate ingestion, the glucose dependent insulinotropic and antidiabetogenic actions of which have been documented. In this work, by exploring whether GLP-1(7–36)amide has any effect on the glucose metabolism of the muscle, we have observed that this peptide, at physiological concentrations, exerts in this tissue an increment of the d-[U-14C] glucose incorporated into glycogen, which is accompanied by an increase in the glycogen synthase a activity; also, it stimulates both glucose oxidation and lactate formation. These data indicate that the skeletal muscle is one of the target tissues for GLP-1(7–36)amide, where its insulin-like effect explains, at least in part, its plasma glucose lowering action; thus, GLP-1(7–36)amide may well be implicated in the physiological control of glucose homeostasis after meals, not only by acting as an incretin, but also by directly promoting glucose disposal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418382
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unaltered glucagon secretion after seven days of sulphonylurea administration in normal subjects (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucagon ; insulin ; glucose ; arginine ; sulphonylureag ; glipizide ; glibenclamide ; normal subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the chronic administration of sulphonylureas on glucagon secretion were studied in two groups of normal volunteers. One group (n = 7) received glipizide, 10 mg daily, in a single dose, for seven days. The other group (n = 6) received glibenclamide under the same conditions. Basal glucagon and insulin levels and the response of these hormones to an arginine stimulus were studied before and after the sulphonylurea course. — After treatment, neither the basal glucagon values nor the arginine-induced glucagon secretion was significantly altered when compared to the control experiments. The insulin curves showed great variability, being increased in some cases and decreased in others. The mean results showed no significant change in the insulin secretion pattern after sulphonylurea administration. — Our data do not lend support to the hypothetical action of sulphonylureas through the alpha cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01218441
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma glucagon and glucagon-like immunoreactive components in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and normal subjects before and after an oral glucose load (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 80-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Plasma glucagon immunoreactivity ; plasma glucagon-like immunoreactivity ; Type 1 diabetes ; oral glucose tolerance test ; plasma gel filtration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biogel P-30 filtration of plasma from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and normal subjects in basal state and after an oral glucose load was assayed with a C-terminal (30 K) and a glucagon-like immunoreactivity-cross-reacting antiserum (R8). Up to four immunoreactive peaks of approximate molecular sizes of 〉20,000 (fraction I), 9000 (fraction II), 3500 (fraction III) and 2000 (fraction IV) were detected with the two antisera in both groups. In the basal state, the only significant difference observed between both groups was a higher R8-reactivity in fraction II in the group of diabetic patients, although the R 8 minus 30 K values for this fraction did not show a significant difference between both groups. After glucose the only significant differences were an increase of R8-reactivity in fraction II in both groups (p〈0.01) and a decrease of 30 K-reactivity in fraction III (IRG3500) in normal subjects (p〈0.05). In seven out of 12 diabetic patients, 30 K-reactivity in fraction II (IRG9000) and III (IRG3500) increased above their basal values. The gut-glucagon-like immunoreactivity response to oral glucose (ΔR8-Δ30 K values in fraction II) was similar in both the diabetic and normal subjects. These results indicate that (1) the paradoxical rise in plasma immunoreactive glucagon after oral glucose in diabetic patients may be due to an increase of both IRG3500 and/or IRG9000, (2) the gut-glucagon-like immunoreactivity released during glucose absorption has a molecular weight of approximately 9000, and (3) no differences in plasma gut-glucagonlike immunoreactivity were observed in Type 1 diabetic patients when compared with normal subjects, either in the basal state or after glucose ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: ATP ; ADP ; AMP ; NAD(P)H ; pH ; Ca ; islets ; insulin release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When isolated rat islets were exposed to glucose, the concentrations of NADH and NADPH, and the NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ ratios were increased. The dose-response curve resembled that characterising the glucose-induced secondary rise in45Ca efflux, displaying a sigmoidal pattern with a half-maximal value at glucose 7.5 mmol/l. The glucose-induced increase in NAD(P)H was detectable within 1 min of exposure to the sugar. Except for the fall in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio found at very low glucose concentrations (zero to 1.7 mmol/l) no effect of glucose (2.8–27.8 mmol/l) upon the steady-state concentration of adenine nucleotides was observed. However, a stepwise increase in glucose concentration provoked a dramatic and transient fall in the ATP concentration, followed by a sustained increase in both O2 consumption and oxidation of exogenous + endogenous nutrients. This may be essential to meet the energy requirements in the stimulated B-cell. Although no significant effect of glucose upon intracellular pH was detected by the 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione method, the net release of H+ was markedly increased by glucose, with a hyperbolic dose-response curve (half-maximal response at glucose 2.9 mmol/l) similar to that characterising the glucose-induced initial fall in45Ca efflux. It is proposed that the generation of both NAD(P)H and H+ participates in the coupling of glucose metabolism to distal events in the secretory sequence, especially the ionophoretic process of Ca2+ inward and outward transport, and that changes in these parameters occur in concert with an increased turn-over rate of high-energy phosphate intermediates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01223623
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of islet Alpha cell function in pancreatectomized patients (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucagon ; A cell ; pancreatectomy ; diabetes ; arginine ; somatostatin ; pancreatitis ; glucose ; big plasma glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma immunoreactive glucagon, C-peptide and substrates (glucose, lactate, and alanine) were measured in 21 pancreatectomized patients and 28 patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis during arginine infusion. Results were compared with those obtained in control and in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, and in pancreatectomized subjects receiving a combined infusion of glucagon and arginine or somatostatin and arginine. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon in the pancreatectomized patients was 230±26 pg/ml (control subjects 100±13 pg/ml, p〈0.001), but was unchanged following arginine or somatostatin. Following ethanol extraction of plasma it became undetectable. Similar results were obtained in patients with chronic pancreatitis. In contrast to the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, no changes in blood glucose, lactate, and alanine concentrations were found during arginine infusion in the pancreatectomized or pancreatitis patients. Addition of glucagon restored the metabolic response to arginine in the pancreatectomized patients. Our results confirm previous smaller studies that in pancreatectomized patients, A cell function is absent or insignificant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253865
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionophoretic activity in pancreatic islets
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 89 (1979), S. 386-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(79)90641-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory, Biosynthetic, Respiratory, Cationic, and Metabolic Responses of Pancreatic Islets to Palmitate and Oleate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology 51 (1994), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-4505
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1023
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