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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; hyperthyroidism ; hypothyroidism ; pharmacokinetics ; clinical significance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of theophylline was investigated in five hyperthyroid, five hypothyroid, and five euthyroid patients, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Wide individual variability was found in theophylline kinetics, but the rate of elimination of theophylline was significantly higher in hyperthyroid, and lower in hypothyroid patients than in the euthyroid patients (kel=0.155, 0.060 and 0.107 h−1, respectively). The values for clearance and volume of distribution were not consistently changed compared with those in the euthyroid group, although all the parameters except AUC were significantly different in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients. There was a positive correlation between both thyroxine and triiodothyronine serum concentrations and total body clearance of theophylline (r=0.795 and r=0.791, respectively). It is concluded that in spite of the wide interindividual variability and the relatively small differences in the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in thyroid dysfunction compared with the euthyroid status, these differences have to be considered in certain clinical situations, as they may require changes in the therapeutic regimen for administration of theophylline in hyperthyroid or hypothyroid patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544240
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE AND NEOSTIGMINE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF GLYCOGEN IN VARIOUS BRAIN STRUCTURES OF THE RAT (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 15 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1Hypothalamus, mesencephalon, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and medulla oblongata of the rat brain contain varying amounts of glycogen. The highest concentration was found in the medulla, and the lowest in the hypothalamus.2Low doses of physostigmine produced a significant decrease in the concentration of glycogen in mesencephalon, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and medulla. Higher doses of physostigmine were necessary to produce glycogenolysis in the hypothalamus. In the first four structures glycogen stores were almost equally sensitive to the action of physostigmine. Neostigmine did not affect brain glycogen. The glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine was dose-dependent.3Both atropine and propranolol were found to block the glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine in brain.4It is concluded that probably both cholinergic and adrenergic processes participate in the glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine. It is suggested that physostigmine initiates the cholinergic processes which then trigger adrenergic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb05912.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of cyclic N-2-O-dibutyryl-adenosine-3′, 5′-monophosphate on neuromuscular transmission and concentration of glycogen in the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 305-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Le dérivé dibutyrique du 3′, 5′-AMP cyclique potentialise les contractions du diaphragme provoquées par stimulation électrique indirecte, alors que l'application du 3′,5′-AMP cyclique n'a pas un tel effet. D'autre part, ce dérivé diminue le taux de glycogène du diaphragme, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour le 3′,5′-AMP cyclique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928705
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physostigmine and neostigmine on the concentration of glycogen in the liver of the rat (1967)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 258 (1967), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neostigmine ; Physostigmine ; Liverglycogen ; Glycogen in auricles ; Blood glucose ; Neostigmine ; Physostigmine ; Leberglykogen ; Glykogen in Vorkammern ; Blutglucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intravenous injection of physostigmine was found to produce a decrease in the concentration of glycogen in liver and an increase in the concentration of glycogen in heart auricles of the rat. Neostigmine did not produce the glycogenolysis in liver. The glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine was accompanied by an increase in blood glucose level. Propranolol, mebutamate, atropine and pretreatment by reserpine and guanethidine were found to block the glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine. In vitro physostigmine did not produce the glycogenolysis in liver, whereas adrenaline produced such an effect. Hexamethonium, in doses used in these experiments, did not block this type of physostigmine action. The glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine was also present in the adrenalectomized animals. The results of these experiments indicate that the glycogenolytic effect of physostigmine was most probably due to a general sympathetic activation produced by this substance. It seems therefore that this effect of physostigmine has a similar origin as the blood pressure rise produced by physostigmine in the rat, an effect which has also been attributed to a general sympathetic activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538527
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hypothermic effect of eserine in the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 270 (1971), S. 407-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Eserine ; Thermoregulation ; Adrenergic Mechanisms ; Cholinergic Mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats kept under ordinary laboratory and living conditions the intravenous injection of eserine regularly produced a dose-dependent hypothermic effect. Neostigmine produced variable responses including both hyperthermia and hypothermia. The effect of eserine is most probably due to an activation of central cholinergic processes. The finding that the hypothermic effect of eserine was blocked by atropine and not by methylatropine indicates both the central origin of the effect and the implication of muscarinic receptors in it. Propranolol did not affect the response to eserine, but alpha-receptor blocking agents (phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine), if injected in sufficiently high doses, blocked it. All the adrenergic blockers, particularly the alpha-receptor blockers, were found to produce pronounced hypothermia by themselves. Eserine was also found to produce a dose-dependent decrease in the oxygen consumption. This effect is most probably crucial for the hypothermic response to eserine, because this substance also produced hypothermia at ambient temperatures close to thermal neutrality. It is supposed that eserine, by activating central cholinergic synapses, produces an inhibition of thermogenesis. In animals kept in cages with warm bases (29–37
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01002351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of calcium, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, isoprenaline and aminophylline on the isometric contraction of the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 303 (1978), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Calcium ; Verapamil ; Cyclic AMP ; Isoprenaline ; Aminophylline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both di-Na-EDTA and verapamil depressed the tension (T) and the maximum rate of rise of tension (dT/dt max) of twitch responses of the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat to direct electrical stimulation. Depression was preceded by a transient facilitation. The blocking action of di-Na-EDTA was promptly reversed by calcium chloride, whereas the same procedure failed to antagonize the blocking action of verapamil. Isoprenaline and db-cAMP were found to antagonize the blocking action of verapamil. In calcium-free medium verapamil quickly produced block of isometric contractions. The depression of contraction produced by verapamil in calcium-free medium was only slightly or not restored by isoprenaline and db-cAMP. This indicates that the membrane calcium is indispensable for the action of isoprenaline and db-cAMP. The effect of aminophylline on T and dT/dt max depends markedly on calcium in the external medium. In a calcium-free solution, as well as in the presence of verapamil, aminophylline failed to produce, any change in the isometric contraction. It is concluded that the actions of isoprenaline, db-cAMP and aminophylline on the isometric contractions of the isolated hemidiaphragm of the rat produced by direct electrical stimulation are possible only in the presence of an optimal concentration of external calcium and of functionally intact calcium channels in the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496184
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