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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early onset agammaglobulinaemia with monoclonal IgG production (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 755-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Agammaglobulinaemia ; Immunodeficiency ; Immunoglobulins ; Paraproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients are described with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA). After a period of gammaglobulin infusions endogenous IgG production appeared to resume and gammaglobulin therapy was gradually stopped. However, bacterial respiratory tract infections recurred. Immunological evaluation showed normal levels of serum IgG with mono/ oligoclonal IgG m-bands, while B lymphocytes and plasma cells were absent from the peripheral blood and bone marrow. Endogenous IgG was synthesized in plasma cells in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Renewed high doses of exogenous gammaglobulin led to the reduction of infections and the disappearance of mono/oligoclonal m-bands in the serum. We suggest that as a rare complication of XLA some pre-B-cells may escape the blockade to B-cell maturation and produce mono/oligoclonal IgG, possibly due to chronic infectious stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic aciduria in Pearson syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 684-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072635
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral squamous cell carcinoma following treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 26 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With substantially increased survival after most paediatric cancers over the past decades have come the late sequelae of treatment. Of all late complications of treatment, second malignancies are generally considered to be the most serious. We report on a 20-year-old man with an oral squamous cell carcinoma 17 years after initial chemotherapy and irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Although occurrence of the oral malignancy in this patient could have been treatment-related, one should keep in mind that the occurrence of second tumours may also be based on a shared genetic aetiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00029.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid cells in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases: an immunocytochemical study (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 234 (1987), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Mononuclear cell subsets ; Multiple sclerosis ; Neurological disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Determinations of mononuclear cell subsets in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), using monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens which identified pan T-cells, helper/inducer T-cells, cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells and Ia-positive cells, were performed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), other neuroimmunological diseases (NID), infectious diseases (INF) of the central nervous system and with other neurological diseases. Whereas there was an elevated helper T/suppressor T ratio in CSF of patients with NID (Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cerebral vasculitis), no other significant differences could be detected between the different groups of patients. Our results suggest that analysis of these mononuclear cell subsets in CSF is not helpful in discriminating between MS and other neurological diseases and that in MS patients changes in disease activity are not clearly indicated by fluctuations in the different CSF cell subsets. Further studies will be needed to confirm our findings in NID patients and to understand the diagnostic and theoretical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a young child with cytomegalovirus pneumonia and the bare lymphocyte syndrome (1986)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 16 (1986), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is reported in a 3-year-old Turkish girl. She had combined immunodeficiency, later shown to be the bare lymphocyte syndrome, and chronic pneumonia. Lung biopsy showed cytomegalovirus. The child developed painful elbow and knee joints and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy was demonstrated radiologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular drug resistance in childhood leukemia (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 69 (1994), S. S31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response to chemotherapy is determined essentially by two factors: first, pharmacokinetic factors, determining which concentration of drug reaches the malignant cells, and second, cellular drug resistance of these cells, determining how many of them will be killed by that concentration of drug. The study of cellular drug resistance has been stimulated by the development of short-term ‘total cell kill’ assays, such as the MTT assay, for use on patient samples. The drug resistance profiles differed markedly between ALL and ANLL, between immunophenotypic and karyotypic subgroups within ALL, and between initial and relapsed ALL. The results of the MTT assay showed a significant relation between the antileukemic activity of prednisolone in vitro and the clinical response to systemic monotherapy with that drug. At multivariate analysis including several well-known prognostic factors (WBC, age, immunophenotype) only the in vitro resistance to prednisolone, dexamethasone,l-asparaginase, and daunorubicin was significantly related to clinical outcome. At multiple regression analysis, combination of the results for prednisolone,l-asparaginase, and vincristine made it possible to distinguish between three patient groups with increasing levels of drug resistance and markedly different probabilities of 2-year disease-free survival: 100%, 83%, and 60%. These results show that in vitro drug resistance testing can give a correct prediction of prognosis, superior to that of currently used prognostic factors. Stratification of prognostic groups based on the results of drug resistance testing is feasible and should be introduced into new clinical trials. Many questions now remaining could be answered within carefully designed preclinical and clinical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01757352
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of interleukin 3, interleukin 7, and B-cell growth factor on proliferation and drug resistance in vitro in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 78 (1999), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Growth factors ; Cellular drug resistance ; Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Growth factors have been reported to enhance the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. In our study we investigated the capacities of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 7 (IL-7), low-molecular-weight B-cell growth factor (lmw-BCGF), and IL-3+7 to induce proliferation and to modulate the drug resistance of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Proliferation was assessed with the methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and other parameters. Cellular resistance to cytarabine, thioguanine, and prednisolone was measured using the MTT assay. In 19 samples containing 〉90% leukemic cells the proliferative response and the modulation of drug resistance was markedly heterogeneous between patient samples and between growth factors. All growth factors were able to stimulate proliferation significantly after 5 days of culture. lmw-BCGF was the most potent growth factor in this respect. Cytotoxicity of cytarabine and thioguanine was significantly increased by IL-7, that of thioguanine by IL-3 as well. IL-7 enhanced the cytotoxicity of thioguanine significantly more than IL-3 and lmw-BCGF and that of cytarabine more than IL-3. Cytotoxicity of prednisolone was not significantly influenced by any growth factor. In individual cases, growth factors reduced the cytotoxicity of the drugs. IL-3+7 did not add activity to the most potent single growth factor in both proliferation and drug resistance measurements. This study shows that IL-3, IL-7, and lmw-BCGF generally induce and occasionally inhibit proliferation of ALL cells. Furthermore, they may either increase or decrease cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. This heterogeneous response to growth factors concerning induction of proliferation and modulation of drug resistance should be taken into account in their clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050495
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    White pulp compartments in the spleen of rats and mice (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 417-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen (Rat, mouse) ; T-cell, B-cell ; Microenvironment ; Cell traffic ; Light and Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spleen of rats and mice was studied with the light and electron microscope. Special attention was paid to the delineation and composition of the white pulp compartments: periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS), follicles and marginal zone. These three compartments each have their specific lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells. Reticulum cells and reticulin fibres, although occurring in all three compartments, form a characteristic pattern in each compartment. In the PALS two areas can be distinguished: a central area, largely devoid of reticulum cells, and a peripheral area where reticulum cells are arranged in cylindrical shells. The central PALS forms the thymus dependent area of the spleen, the peripheral PALS contains both T- and B-lymphocytes. T-B-interactions requiring cell contact could take place in the latter area. Lymph vessels originate from the shells of reticulum cells around the smaller arterioles; these vessels follow the central arteriole to the hilus of the spleen. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the lymph vessels form a recirculation pathway for T-cells and possibly also for B-cells. In two areas of the splenic white pulp characteristic non-lymphoid cells are present. The central PALS contains interdigitating cells (IDC), which show a close contact with surrounding T-lymphocytes. The light zone of the follicle centre exhibits dendritic cells(DC). B-cells are found between the ramifications of the DC. It is conceivable that these cells play a role in the homing of T-cells and B-cells respectively. In addition they might create a microenvironment supporting differentiation and proliferation of T- and B-cells. The marginal zone does not contain a characteristic non-lymphoid cell type. However, in this compartment B-cells are directly exposed to the circulating blood. It is suggested that this factor constitutes one of the essentials of the microenvironment in the marginal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte capping and lymphocyte migration as associated events in the in vivo antigen trapping process. an electron-microscopic autoradiographic study in the spleen of mice (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antigen trapping process ; Lymphocytes (spleen) ; Capping, migration ; Light- and electron microscopic radioautography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fate of 125I labeled antigen-antibody complexes in the first two hours after intravenous injection was followed in the spleen of mice by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. It appeared that AAC were phagocytized by granulocytes and by macrophages in the marginal zone and were present over the surface of lymphocytes in that area. By rinsing the spleen before fixation it could be shown that AAC were indeed bound to the lymphocyte membrane and not merely present in the blood plasma between the cells. The label was present in a spotty fashion or over a so-called uropod. The majority of labeled uropods (13 out of 17) pointed away from the follicle. From this it was inferred that these lymphocytes moved to and most probably into, the follicles. Inside the follicles, at 1 hour post injectionem, most of the label was associated with interfaces between lymphocytes. At 2 hours post injectionem there was a preferential localization over interfaces between lymphocytes and dendritic reticulum cells. It is conceivable that antigen that is introduced into the circulation is ultimately presented to dendritic reticulum cells in a complexed form with antibody, probably with complement, and with the B-cell receptor, since receptor shedding is a normal event following capping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220369
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemistry and electron microscopy of follicle lining reticular cells in the rat spleen (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 524-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Rat-Marginal sinus ; Reticuloendothelial system ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the rat spleen cells are found staining with aldehyde fuchsin (AF-cells). Most of these cells are localized at the periphery of the follicles, at the inner border of the marginal sinus. They probably develop in situ. Comparable cells occur in other lymphoid organs. They are able to phagocytize, and resemble also histochemically red pulp macrophages. The aldehydefuchsinophilic granules do not stain for mucopolysaccharides. On the ultrastructural level the aldehydefuchsinophilic granules are represented by cytoplasmic bodies with a faintly granulated matrix. Because of their single membrane and the varying positive reaction on acid phosphatase these bodies are considered to be secondary lysosomes or residual bodies. They contain different materials of unknown endogenous origin. In non-immunized animals the AF-cells fail to show the characteristic dendritic protrusions and infoldings of antigen trapping cells. The cells possess some characteristics of reticular cells e.g. association with reticulin, and electron dense patches on the innerside of the cell membrane at the contact areas. They can be classified among the phagocytic reticular cells forming part of the metalophilic cells in the spleen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335718
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