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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opposite effects of agonist and inverse agonist ligands of benzodiazepine receptor on self-defensive and submissive postures in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; Defense ; Submission ; Ethopharmacology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands on different types of defensive behaviours were examined in intruder male rats confronted with offensive residents. Chronic administration, via a subcutaneous silastic pellet, of a full agonist (diazepam) for 15 days increased self-defensive postures as well as social and non-social behaviour whereas submissive postures and flight were reduced. Acute administration of a partial agonist (ZK 91296) resulted in a similar increase in self-defensive postures and a decrease of submissive and non-social elements. Acute administration of a partial inverse agonist (FG 7142) reduced defensive postures and social behaviour whereas submissive postures were increased. These results show that activation of benzodiazepine receptors by full or partial agonists increased self-defensive responses to attacks by a conspecific, while decreasing submissive postures. On the contrary, “inverse activation” of these receptors by an inverse agonist increased submissive postures while decreasing self-defensive responses. These data suggest that benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the control of the animal's strategy to respond to an attack of another rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244074
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gabaergic modulation of mouse-killing in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: GABA ; Mouse-killing ; Aggressive behaviour ; GVG ; DPA ; THIP ; Picrotoxin ; Bicuculline ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When GABA-potentiating compounds were administered IP to rats with prior experience of mouse-killing behaviour, a reduction of killing was observed with gammavinyl GABA (200 and 400 mg/kg) and nipecotic acid amide (400 mg/kg), while no significant effect was noted following injection of dipropylacetate or THIP. The inhibitory effects of gamma-vinyl GABA and nipecotic acid amide were not reversed by subsequent injection of picrotoxin and were associated with sedation as observed in open field and actograph tests. When GABA-potentiating compounds were administered to food-deprived rats exposed for the first time to a mouse (initial elicitation), administration of gamma-vinyl GABA, dipropylacetate, nipecotic acid amide or THIP increased the incidence of mouse-killing behaviour. Conversely, the incidence of mouse-killing under the same conditions was reduced following injections of picrotoxin. These results do not support the hypothesis that the general activation of GABAergic mechanisms inhibits mouse-killing behaviour in rats. On the contrary, data obtained in naive animals suggest that potentiation of these mechanisms actually facilitates the initial elicitation of this behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428547
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    22–28 Khz ultrasonic vocalizations associated with defensive reactions in male rats do not result from fear or aversion (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 111 (1993), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ultrasonic vocalizations ; Defense ; Pain ; Fear ; Aversion ; Social interactions ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was carried out to determine whether 22–28 kHz vocalizations emitted during intermale interactions in adult rats were related with a state of fear, aversion or resulted from painful stimulation. Vocalizations in the 22–28 kHz range were measured in male rats during non-aggressive and aggressive social interactions; when given foot shock with a partner; during non-aggressive social interactions after an injection of (i) acetic acid (1%, IP); (ii) pentylenetetrazol (20–30 mg/kg, IP) and (iii) lithium chloride (63.8 mg/kg, IP). Ultrasonic vocalizations were consistantly detected in all rats while the animals displayed defensive or submissive postures when tested as intruders confronted with offensive residents or when administered foot shocks. Only occasional vocalizations were emitted, even in the presence of a partner, when the animals had received other painful or aversive treatments. These data support the hypothesis that 22–28 kHz vocalizations during intermale interactions are associated with defensive postures and are not the consequence of a state of fear or aversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245522
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opposite effects of pentylenetetrazol on self-defensive and submissive postures in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Defense ; Submission ; Flight ; Ethopharmacology ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous work, using the resident-intruder situation, we have shown that a benzodiazepine inverse agonist could exert a “fear-promoting” effect, in decreasing self-defensive behaviours while increasing submissive postures. To further test this hypothesis, the effects of pentylenetetrazol on different forms of defensive behaviour were examined in male intruder rats confronted with offensive residents. Administration of pentylenetetrazol (10 and 20 mg/kg, IP) increased submissive postures such as immobility and on-the-back, but reduced self-defensive postures. Other active behaviours were not reduced, thus excluding a non-specific behavioural suppression. These results suggest that self-defensive and submissive behaviours can be dissociated and that anxiogenic compounds are more likely to increase submissive behaviours than self-defensive ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245176
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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