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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breech delivery in very preterm and very low birthweight infants in the Netherlands (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To study the relation between various perinatal factors and the sequelae of very preterm birth, applying logistic regression analysis.Design In a nationwide collaborative study in the Netherlands, perinatal and follow up data were collected on 899 liveborn singleton nonmalformed infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks or birthweight less than 1500 g born in 1983.Main outcome measures Neonatal mortality rate and total handicap rates (minor and major) in surviving children at two years and five years of age.Results Comparing breech with vertex presentation, the odds ratio for neonatal mortality (adjusted for duration of pregnancy, birthweight, maternal hypertension and prolonged rupture of membranes) is 1.6 (P〈0.05). Comparing abdominal versus vaginal delivery, the odds ratio indicates equal risks. When breech and vertex presentation are analysed separately it appears that breech presenting infants have a significantly lower mortality risk when born by caesarean section compared with vaginal delivery. However, comparing abdominal versus vaginal delivery in breech presentation, the odds ratio for handicap at five years (0.9) is not significantly different from 1.Conclusion The data presented suggest a reduced neonatal mortality rate in breech presenting infants born by caesarean section but because of the observational design of the study the statistical analysis described only identifies a possible trend and cannot prove the issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15263.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring health-related quality of life in adolescents: agreement between raters and between methods of administration (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 26 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between children and proxies as well as the agreement between methods of administration in assessing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) using the TNO AZL Children's Quality Of Life (TACQOL) questionnaire. A random sample from a Dutch cohort of 14-year-old very low birth weight children and their parents were invited to participate in a face-to-face (n= 150) or telephone interview (n= 150). Participants were also sent a questionnaire by mail. The response rate was 83%. Inter-rater and intermethod agreement were generally good in observable HRQoL domains, and moderate in less readily observable, and possibly less stable, domains such as moods, pain and physical symptoms, and social functioning. In measuring children's HRQoL using the TACQOL, the results and their interpretation are dependent on the source of information and the method of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2000.00181.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The male disadvantage in very low birthweight infants: Does it really exist? (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1989), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Infants' sex ; Very low birth weight ; Preterm ; Mortality ; Handicaps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a nationwide collaborative study in the Netherlands, perinatal and follow up data were collected on 1338 liveborn very preterm (〈32 weeks) and/or very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants (〈1500g). In this group, the mortality risk was similar for both male and female infants. The handicap risk, however, was significantly greater for boys than for girls. This finding could not be explained as being due to the well-known delay in lung maturation in male infants as in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and need of assisted ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958281
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strabismus in very low birth weight and/or very preterm children: Discrepancy between age of onset and start of treatment (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Very low birth weight ; Strabismus ; Vision screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Very low birth weight (VLBW; less than 1500 g) and/or very preterm children are at risk for strabismus. However, the age of onset of strabismus is still unknown. The present study reports on the frequency of strabismus in 450 5-year-old children born with a birth weight of less then 1500 g and/or with a gestational age below 32 weeks. The age at which strabismus was initially diagnosed was determined retrospectively. At 5 years of age 65 of the atrisk children (14.4%) presented with strabismus. Fifteen of them (3%) had at that age not been referred to or treated by an ophthalmologist. At 3 years of age only 28 strabismic children were being treated; 7 at-risk children (2%) had been treated for strabismus before the end of the 1st year. These results were compared to those from a second study in which eye alignment was longitudinally examined in 194 VLBW children from 6 weeks until 12 months of (corrected) age and additionally in 65 of these children at the age of 2.5 years. At a first glance, the frequency of strabismus in the longitudinal study seemed rather stable during the first 2.5 years of life, with values varying between 14% and 18%. However, only a small percentage of misalignments which were noted at 6 weeks of age persisted until 2.5 years. On the other hand, if children had a misalignment at 9 months, strabismus was still present when they were reexamined at 1 and at 2.5 years of age. In order to prevent the rather high incidence of untreated strabismus, screening programmes for atrisk children should focus on diagnosing strabismus at 9 months of (corrected) age. Because strabismus can also develop after this age, it is important to re-examine ocular alignment at later ages. Conclusion Present medical care is not sufficient for early detection and treatment of strabismus in at-risk children. Our results suggest that the optimal screening age for early detection of persistent strabismus in VLBW children is at 9 months of age. Because strabismus can also develop after this age, it is important to repeat examination of visual functions in at risk-children at regular intervals after 1 year of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954277
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strabismus in very low birth weight and/or very preterm children: discrepancy between age of onset and start of treatment (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Very low birth weight ; Strabismus ; Vision screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Very low birth weight (VLBW; less than 1500 g) and /or very preterm children are at risk for strabismus. However, the age of onset of strabismus is still unknown. The present study reports on the frequency of strabismus in 450 5-year-old children born with a birth weight of less then 1500 g and/or with a gestational age below 32 weeks. The age at which strabismus was initially diagnosed was determined retrospectively. At 5 years of age 65 of the at-risk children (14.4%) presented with strabismus. Fifteen of them (3%) had at that age not been referred to or treated by an ophthalmologist. At 3 years of age only 28 strabismic children were being treated; 7 at-risk children (2%) had been treated for strabismus before the end of the 1st year. These results were compared to those from a second study in which eye alignment was longitudinally examined in 194 VLBW children from 6 weeks until 12 months of (corrected) age and additionally in 65 of these children at the age of 2.5 years. At a first glance, the frequency of strabismus in the longitudinal study seemed rather stable during the first 2.5 years of life, with values varying between 14% and 18%. However, only a small percentage of misalignments which were noted at 6 weeks of age persisted until 2.5 years. On the other hand, if children had a misalignment at 9 months, strabismus was still present when they were re-examined at 1 and at 2.5 years of age. In order to prevent the rather high incidence of untreated strabismus, screening programmes for at-risk children should focus on diagnosing strabismus at 9 months of (corrected) age. Because strabismus can also develop after this age, it is important to re-examine ocular alignment at later ages. Conclusion Present medical care is not sufficient for early detection and treatment of strabismus in at-risk children. Our results suggest that the optimal screening age for early detection of persistent strabismus in VLBW children is at 9 months of age. Because strabismus can also develop after this age, it is important to repeat examination of visual functions in at risk-children at regular intervals after 1 year of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954277
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring health-related quality of life in children: the development of the TACQOL parent form (1998)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 7 (1998), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: HRQoL; ; children; ; TACQoL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), conceptualized as patients' own evaluations of their health status, is an important criterion in evaluating health and health care and in the treatment of individual patients. Until now, few systematic attempts have been made to develop instruments to assess the HRQoL of children using such a conceptualization. This article describes the conceptualization and results of a study aiming to develop such an instrument for children aged 6–15 years using their parents as a proxy. The feasibility and psychometric performance of the instrument were evaluated in a study of 77 patients of the paediatric out-patient clinic of Leiden University Hospital. For each of the a priori-defined domains, a parent form scale could be constructed with satisfactory reliability and moderate correlations with the other scales. Only some of the parents indicating health status problems also signalled negative reactions to these problems. This is, in our view, a strong argument for the distinction between health status and quality of life (QoL). The correlation coefficients between the parent form and a children's questionnaire were low. Overall, the psychometric performance of the TACQOL parent form looks promising, which suggests that this instrument– with some modifications–can indeed be used to assess group differences in HRQoL in children. The results, however, should be replicated in larger samples, currently under study. The relation between parents' proxy reports on the HRQoL of their children and children's self-reports needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008848218806
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The proxy problem: child report versus parent report in health-related quality of life research (1998)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 7 (1998), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Health-related quality of life ; health status; ; proxy; ; child report; ; parent report.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluates the agreement between child and parent reports on children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a representative sample of 1,105 Dutch children (age 8–11 years old). Both children and their parents completed a 56 item questionnaire (TACQOL). The questionnaire contains seven eight-item scales: physical complaints, motor functioning, autonomy, cognitive functioning, social functioning, positive emotions and negative emotions. The Pearson correlations between the child and parent reports were between 0.44 and 0.61 (p〈0.001). The intraclass correlations were between 0.39 and 0.62. On average, the children reported a significantly lower HRQoL than their parents on the physical complaints, motor functioning, autonomy, cognitive functioning and positive emotions scales (paired t-test: p〈0.05). Agreement on all of the scales was related to the magnitude of the HRQoL scores and to some background variables (gender, age, temporary illness and visiting a physician). According to multitrait-multimethod analyses, both the child and parent reports proved to be valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008801802877
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