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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative Potencies of Individual Polychlorinated Naphthalenes to Induce Dioxin-Like Responses in Fish and Mammalian In Vitro Bioassays (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (2000), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) may be fairly widespread environmental contaminants. This may be cause for concern because exposure to PCNs has been linked to dioxin-like biological responses in a wide variety of species. This study used three in vitro bioassays to characterize the dioxin-like potency of 18 individual PCN congeners and 1 PCN metabolite. The PLHC-1 fish hepatoma cell bioassay was relatively insensitive to PCNs. At the concentrations tested, only 1,4 di-CN and 2,4-dichloro-1-napthol caused significant induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the PLHC-1 assay. In vitro EROD and luciferase assays using recombinant H4IIE rat hepatoma cells were more responsive to PCNs. Structure-activity relationships were observed both in terms of the degree of chlorination and the positions of chlorine substitutions. Hexa-chlorinated naphthalenes (CNs), exhibiting relative potencies (REPs) around 10−3 (relative to TCDD), were the most potent congeners tested. Penta-CNs were also rather potent, yielding REPs between 10−3 and 10−7. Tetra-, tri-, di-, and mono-CNs were less active. REPs for the active congeners were similar to those for some PCBs. The relative potency estimates reported here contribute to an emerging body of information that will aid determination of the relative contribution of PCNs to the total dioxin-like activity associated with environmental samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumental and Bioanalytical Measures of Persistent Organochlorines in Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) from Korean Coastal Waters (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (2000), S. 360-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from 34 locations along the south and east coast of Korea were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides. Maximum concentrations of PCBs and total OC pesticides were 98.5 and 20.5 ng/g, wet weight, respectively. Extracts were fractionated by Florisil chromatography and each fraction was screened for dioxin-like activity in vitro, using recombinant rat hepatoma cells (H4IIE-luc). Fraction 2 (F-2), which contained hexachlorocyclohexanes, chlordanes, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT, generally elicited significant dioxin-like activity compared to control, whereas Fraction 1 (F-1), which contained PCBs, p,p′-DDE, and hexachlorobenzene, did not. The greatest magnitude of dioxin-like response observed was 44% of the maximum response elicited by a 2,000 pM 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) standard. The relatively low magnitudes of dioxin-like response observed for F-1 samples were consistent with the relatively low PCB concentrations. At concentrations equal to the maximum observed in the mussel samples, neither individual OC pesticides nor a mixture of OC pesticides yielded a significant dioxin-like response in the H4IIE-luc assay. Thus, the concentrations of OC pesticides in F-2 did not appear to have accounted for the dioxin-like activity observed. This suggests the presence of unidentified and/or unknown, acid-stable, dioxin-like compounds in F-2. This study suggests that in vitro bioassays are useful in assessing the contamination of mussels collected from coastal marine locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010116
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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