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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptomatic atopy is associated with increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and interleukin-10 production during seasonal allergen exposure (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan (TRP)-catabolizing enzyme with regulatory effects on T cells. T cell inhibition is achieved through both TRP depletion and TRP metabolite accumulation in specific local tissue microenvironments. The expression of IDO activity by different types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has been shown to play a role in many instances of immunoregulation and tolerance induction. Induction of IDO after the engagement of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FcɛRI, on atopic monocytes has been suggested to regulate T cell responses in atopic disorders. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine known for its down-regulatory functions in the immune system, has recently been associated with the stable expression of IDO in mature tolerogenic dendritic cells.Objective This study was devised to understand the role of systemic IDO and IL-10 in the prevention of clinical apparent allergy.Methods The concentration of TRP and the break-down product kynurenine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in- and off-season in sera from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (n=12) and from clinically asymptomatic atopic patients sensitized to specific aeroallergens (n=12). Non-atopic (NA) individuals (n=12) served as control. The concentration of plasma IL-10 was determined in parallel from these donors by ELISA in- and off-season.Results In clinically unresponsive but aeroallergen-sensitized atopic individuals significantly higher systemic activity of IDO and increased plasma IL-10 levels were found during allergen exposure but not off-season compared to symptomatic atopic individuals with allergic rhinitis and NA individuals.Conclusion Enhanced systemic IDO activity as well as increased systemic levels of IL-10 may contribute to the containment of allergic T cell responses and could be involved in the maintenance of a state of clinical unresponsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01984.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The central role of FcεRI in allergy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 28 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcεRI, plays a central role in the initiation and control of atopic allergic inflammation. On mast cells and basophils, the function of the receptor is well known and constitutes cellular degranulation and the release of various mediators. FcεRI on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), however, does not lead to degranulation of preformed granula, but has different functions: signal transduction pathways like the activation of NF-κB are initiated to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression. In addition, FcεRI on APCs acts as an allergen-focusing structure and can efficiently amplify allergen presentation in an IgE-dependent manner. Recently, we and others have gained new insight into the regulation and function of FcεRI on APCs, which has shed new light on the modulating effects of the immune system in atopic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01209.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen-presenting cells and tolerance induction (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: T cell tolerance induction to foreign and self-antigens has occupied research since the beginning of the understanding of the immune system. Much controversy still exists on this question even though new methods became available to investigate immunoregulatory mechanisms. Antigen-presenting cells play a pivotal role in transferring information from the periphery of the organism to lymphoid organs. There, they initiate not only the activation of naive T cells but seem to deliver important signals which result in T cell unresponsiveness with antigen-specific tolerance induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0105-4538.2001.00001.x-i4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative immunophenotyping of monocytes from symptomatic and asymptomatic atopic individuals (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Allergy has at least two components – a genetic predisposition referred to as atopy and the progress from an atopic state to clinically apparent disease. Peripheral blood monocytes are circulating myeloid precursors of antigen-presenting cells. The expression of cell surface proteins on monocytes may therefore witness the disease status and affect the development of allergic disease.Methods:  Monocytes were isolated from atopic individuals with seasonal allergic rhinitis (n = 10), from atopic individuals sensitized to aeroallergens but without any signs of acute disease (n = 11), and from healthy nonatopic donors (n = 21). Detailed comparative phenotypic analysis of CD14+ and FcɛRI+CD14+ monocytes was performed by flow cytometry.Results:  CD14+ monocytes from symptomatic atopic donors showed a significant increase in the cell surface intensity of the integrin adhesion molecule CD11c over monocytes from asymptomatic atopic and nonatopic donors. Asymptomatic atopic individuals showed significantly enhanced expression of FcɛRI on the CD14highCD16dim monocyte subset compared with this subset from symptomatic atopic and nonatopic donors.Conclusion:  The increase in monocyte surface intensity of the adhesion molecule CD11c may be involved in the manifestation of allergic disease. FcɛRI on CD14highCD16dim monocytes of asymptomatic atopic donors may be of functional importance for the maintenance of clinical unresponsiveness toward allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00546.x
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