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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitation of jaw movement by antagonist muscle stiffness during unloading of human jaw closing muscles (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 46 (1982), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Unloading reflex ; Muscle stiffness control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The unloading reflex in the jaw closing muscles in man was investigated with a view to correlating the jaw closing movement with the timing of the electrical activity of the agonist and antagonist muscles. When the resistance to a forceful isometric bite was suddenly and unexpectedly withdrawn, the closing movement of the mandible was always arrested before the teeth came together. The rapid arrest of the jaw closing movement was not adequately accounted for by the timing of the inhibition of the jaw closing muscles and reflex excitation of the jaw opening muscles. It was observed that the jaw opening muscles, as well as the jaw closing muscles, were always active during the phase of isometric biting on an object between the teeth. It is therefore concluded that the resulting stiffness of the antagonist muscles is the mechanism which is principally responsible for limiting the jaw closing movement after unloading of the agonist muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237189
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The recognition of craniomandibular disorders—an evaluation of the most reliable signs and symptoms when screening for CMD (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two hundred and twenty-two patients who had been examined and treated for craniomandibular disorders were re-evaluated using a screening protocol. This protocol was developed from previous studies which had elucidated the most reliable signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders. Unilateral signs and symptoms were found to be more common than bilateral signs and symptoms. Dynamic and static pain tests were shown to be decisive in determining the preliminary diagnosis. There was a significant difference in vertical condylar height asymmetry between those patients diagnosed as having a myogenous and an arthrogenous origin of pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01352.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Against Dworkin's Endorsement Constraint (2003)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Utilitas 15 (2003), S. 175-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0953-8208
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy
    Notes: Ronald Dworkin argues on the basis of a theory of well-being that critical paternalism is self-defeating. People must endorse their lives if they are to benefit. This is the endorsement constraint and this paper rejects it. For certain kinds of important mistakes that people can make in their lives, the endorsement constraint is either incredible or too narrow to rule out as much paternalism as Dworkin wants. The endorsement constraint cannot be interpreted to give sensible judgements when people change their minds about the value of their lives. And the main argument for the endorsement constraint, which is based on the value of integrity, does not support Dworkin's anti-paternalism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953820800003939
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    George, Robert: Natural Law, Liberalism, and Morality : Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1996 (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Utilitas 11 (1999), S. 134-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0953-8208
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953820800002351
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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