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Preservation of products with MCI/MI in Switzerland (2001)

Reinhard, E. ; Waeber, R. ; Niederer, M. ; [et al.]

Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers

Contact dermatitis 45 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-0536

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Preservation of products with the combination of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone (methylchloroisothiazolinone, MCI) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone (methylisothiazolinone, MI), commercialized as Kathon CG or WT, is widely used. Allergic contact dermatitis reactions to the preservative have been described in many publications of epidemiological studies. In addition, a number of allergic, airborne reactions to MCI/MI were observed in recent years. The aim of the presented study was: (i) to compare epidemiological data of MCI/MI with data of other preservatives; (ii) to estimate the possible exposure to MCI/MI from commercial products and the distribution of MCI/MI in chemical products based on a product evaluation of the chemical product register of the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health; (iii) to estimate the exposure to MCI/MI, volatile organic chemicals (VOC) and glycols from freshly painted walls; (iv) to compare the contact allergenic potential of MCI/MI with other preservatives. It was found that the number of registered chemical products, unambiguously identifiable as containing MCI increased from 3644 products in July 1999 to 4843 products in April 2001 in Switzerland. It is estimated that today, the total number of chemical products preserved with MCI/MI on the Swiss market is about 6000. A further increase is to be expected. The contact allergenic potential of MCI/MI seems to be higher than for other preservatives. Measurements of MCI/MI concentrations in air samples of freshly painted rooms have shown that the concentration of MCI/MI in the air a few days after painting may be high enough to elicit airborne reactions in already-sensitized patients. In a single case, reactions to MCI/MI were observed over months after wall painting. In this case, both wall paint and plaster contained MCI (40 and 46 ppm). Volatile organic chemicals (VOC) may also be relevant for the elicitation of airborne reactions. In 1/3 of the measurements, the VOC concentrations measured within 14 days after painting were in a range within which sensory irritation and discomfort may be induced. Declaration of MCI/MI-containing products, replacement of MCI/MI by alternative preservatives or the separate use of preservatives in industrial products and in cosmetics might reduce the risk of airborne reactions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450501.x

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Zum Ermüdungsverlauf verstärkter Thermoplaste bei dynamischer Belastung (1997)

Wäber, R.

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 25-33

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ISSN: 0933-5137

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Description / Table of Contents: Characterisation of Fatigue Damage in Reinforced Thermoplastics under Dynamic LoadsDynamic fatigue testing was carried out on injection moulded dogbone-specimens of PP, partly common shortfiber reinforced material, partly discontinuously longfiber reinforced material (produced by pultrusion technology). Besides S-N curves dynamic modulus and acoustic emission (AE) were analysed. Fatigue damage, as measured through AE and dynamic modulus develops in a three stage process: in the first stage fiber pullout of short fibers and debonding of transversly orientated fibers leads to a rapidly decreasing dynamic modulus of the material and a corresponding high AE activity; in the second stage a linear decrease of modulus and constant AE activity can be observed; the third stage of rapidly increasing damage starts shortly before fracture and shows rapidly decreasing modulus and a high activity of AE-signals with higher peak amplitudes. This damage behaviour confirms the assumption of a nearly linear correlation between microscopic damage as detected by AE and decrease in dynamic modulus.

Notes: Spritzgegossene PP-Probestäbe aus herkömmlich kurzfaserverstärktem PP-GF und diskontinuierlich langfaserverstärktem, im Pultrusionsprozeß hergestellten PP-GF, wurden im Dauerschwingversuch geprüft. Zusätzlich zur reinen Bestimmung von Bruchlastspielzahlen wurden die Hysteresis- und Schallemissionsauswertung als versuchsbegleitende Meßmethoden eingesetzt. Schallemission und E-Modul-Verlauf der PP-Materialien zeigen einen dreigeteilten Ermüdungsverlauf. Erstschädigung in Form von Faserauszug kurzer Faserbruchstücke oder Grenzschichtablösung querliegender Faser durch das erste Aufbringen der Belastung führt zu einer sprungförmigen Reduktion des E-Moduls und dazu korrespondierend einem Ereignissummenanstieg; im mittleren Teil des Ermüdungsprozesses verlaufen der dynamische E-Modul und die SE-Summe linear; der dritte Bereich des instabilen Rißwachstums beginnt erst kurz vor dem Bruch und ist durch einen überproportionalen E-Modul-Abfall sowie SE-Signale höherer Intensität gekennzeichnet. Dieses Verhalten bestätigt die Annahme eines annähernd proportionalen Zusammenhangs von Mikroschädigung (durch SE qualifiziert) und E-Modulabfall.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.