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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 68 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The activities of the three enzymes of the route ornithine to the N-methyl-Δ1-pyrrolinium salt and of the eight enzymes of the route quinolinic acid to nicotinic acid (pyridine nucleotide cycle) were determined in the roots of different Nicotiana tabacum L. cultivars and for comparison in tomato (Lysopersicon esculentum L. cv. Vollendung) roots. Enzyme activities were further followed in different plant organs, dedifferentiated tissues, root organ cultures and in the roots after decapitation of tobacco plants. The data are in accord with the concept that the two routes are predominantly regulated by the enzymes putrescine methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.53) and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.19), respectively. Further regulation involves the enzymes NAD+-pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.22) and nicotinic acid mononucleotide glycohydrolase; these findings confirm the suggestion that the transformation to nicotinic acid is performed along two routes: either via the synthesis and degradation of NAD+ or by a direct step through the action of a specific glycohydrolase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 10 (1986), S. 762-768 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les carcinomes anaplasiques thyroïdiens sont relativements rares et ont un mauvais pronostic. Dans la plupart des cas, des interventions chirurgicales radicales sont impossibles a réaliser. Récemment une association de la résection chirurgicale avec l'irradiation percutanée et chimiothérapique a été décrite dans la littérature. Après xénotransplantation chez la souris nue athymique, les carcinomes anaplasiques thyroïdiens montrent les mêmes caractères histologiques en comparaison avec les donneurs. Par passage sur plusieurs générations de souris, un taux de croissance constant a été observé. Ce modèle permet de tester les approches thérapeutiques en conditions in vivo dans le cadre des carcinomes du tissu thyroïdien. Au cours de 2 études différentes avec 2 transplants anaplasiques différentes, une inhibition statistiquement différente de la croissance a pu être observé avec des thérapeutiques utilisant de la doxorubicine. Dans une des études, une association thérapeutique a été réalisée. Ces résultats ne montrent aucune différence significative avec le groupe traité par la doxorubicine seule. De prochaines études montreront si au cours de conditions in vivo un concept convenable d'association thérapeutique peut être développé pour les carcinomes anaplasiques thyroïdiens.
    Abstract: Resumen Los carcinomas tiroideos anaplásicos son relativamente raros y tienen un mal pronóstico. En la mayoría de los casos, los procedimientos quirúrgicos radicales son imposibles. Recientemente, ha aparecido en la literatura una combinatión terapéutica de resectión quirúrgica, irradiatión percutánea, y quimioterapia. Después de xenotrasplante en ratones atímicos, los carcinomas anaplásicos muestran las mismas características que los tumores donantes. Mediante el paso a través de varias generaciones de ratones, se ha podido observar una tasa constante de crecimiento. El modelo permite probar los enfoques terapéuticos en tejidos carcinomatosos tiroideos en condiciones in vivo. En 2 estudios diferentes con 2 diferentes trasplantes anaplásicos, se pudo observar una inhibición estadísticamente significativa bajo terapia con doxorubicina. En un estudio se utilizó terapia combinada. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencia significativa con el grupo tratado sólo con doxorubicina. Investigaciones adicionales, bajo condiciones in vivo, demostrarán si habrá de ser posible desarrollar un concepto adecuado de terapia combinada para los carcinomas anaplásicos de tiroides.
    Notes: Abstract Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are relatively rare and have a poor prognosis. In most cases, radical surgical procedures are impossible. Recently, a combination therapy of surgical resection, percutaneous irradiation, and chemotherapy has been described in the literature. After xenotransplantation in athymic nude mice, anaplastic thyroid carcinomas show the same histological features compared to the donors. By passing the tumor over several generations of nude mice, a constant growth rate has been observed. The model allows testing of therapeutic approaches in thyroid carcinoma tissues under in vivo conditions. In 2 different studies with 2 different anaplastic transplants, a statistically significant growth inhibition could be observed using doxorubicin therapy. In one study, combination therapy was performed. The results show no statistically significant difference in the group treated by doxorubicin alone. Further investigations, under in vivo conditions, will show whether a suitable combination therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 26 (1999), S. 249-266 
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: CIM systems ; product data management ; management of variant parts ; routing plans ; bills of material ; rule-based systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Today many enterprises are forced to produce products which fulfill individual customer requirements. This situation results in an exploding number of variant parts of a product again resulting in a huge number of product data. To meet these new requirements, many enterprises introduced powerful CIM systems. Normally, this leaded to heterogeneous EDP concepts which are characterized by autonomous CIM components, each with its own database. This paper illustrates how rule-based management of product data on the one hand significantly reduces the amount of product data and how rule-based management of product data on the other hand allows to automate data exchange between several CIM components. One important consequence of this approach is, that the integration of business oriented and technical components within a CIM system is significantly improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 130 (1999), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. Spreading behaviour; Superspreading; Trisiloxane surfactant.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary.  The spreading behaviour of mixtures of defined trisiloxane surfactants of the general structure ((CH3)3SiO)2CH3Si(CH2)3(OCH2CH2) n OCH3, n=3–9, has been investigated. The initial spreading rates of the equimolar binary mixtures n=3+9, n=4+8, and n=5+7 are related to their phase transition temperatures from the lamellar phase (L \alpha) into the two phase state (2Φ) and considerably exceed those of the corresponding single components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Interleukin-2 ; protein-free medium ; porous glass fluidized bed bioreactor ; double-membrane stirrer bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of recombinant human interleukin-2 in a fluidized bed bioreactor containing porous glass carriers is described. Cultivations were carried out with different medium formulations over 80 days. Maximal cell densities and product yield could be maintained even when protein free medium was perfused, with less than 10% cell washout. Due to this effective immobilization of the cells in the reactor, continuous operation was easy to perform. Final cell densities on the order of 3.8 × 108 mL-1 intrasphere volume were reached while the interleukin-2 production rate was 0.75 mg L-1 d-1. The production rate showed a maximum of a 1.9 fold decrease compared with a homogeneous stirred bubble-free aerated system. This result was in contrast to that achieved with hybridoma cell lines, where better performance was obtained with the fluidized bed bioreactor. The situation may reflect the problems caused by the dense cell culture with adherent cells, as previously shown in a hollow-fiber bioreactor with the same cell line.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 184-193 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ammonium inhibition ; mammalian cell culture ; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine ; UDP-N-acetylgalactotosamine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The intracellular pool of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine has been shown to act as a central target during the inhibitory action of ammonium ions in vitro cultivated mammalian cell cultures. This pool has been demonstrated to be elevated at the end of a batch cultivation and very quickly as a response to exogenously applied ammonium chloride by using four different cell lines (hybridoma, BHK, CHO, and Ltk-929). The amount of enlarged UDP aminohexoses is correlated to the inhibitor concentration and additionally dependent on the cell line. The formation of the UDP sugars is associated with a transient reduction of the UTP pool. Moreover, the quick formation of UDP-GNAc is strictly dependent on the presence of glucose and ammonium. Both metabolites act as biochemical precursors. Additionally, the formation of UDP-GNAc after ammonium application has been shown to increase with an elevated cultivation pH and to be independent of the inhibition of transcription and translation processes. The intracellular amount of UDP-GNAc correlates with the level of growth inhibition in mammalian cell lines. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 536-544 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: protein glycosylation ; recombinant proteins ; process control ; product integrity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of different short-term controlled cell culture conditions on the product quality of a genetically engineered human interleukin-2 N-glycosylation variant protein expressed from a baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) has been investigated. A perfused 2-L stirred tank reactor was used. Products purified from the culture supernatant of cells grown under experimentally initiated nutrient limitations (glucose, amino acids, pO2) were characterized by their HPLC-elution profile, SDS-PAGE and western blotting, amino acid sequencing as well as for their N-linked carbohydrates, using “HPAEC-PAD fingerprinting” and methylation analysis. The glycoprotein products secreted from cells under the different culture conditions (kept for 24 h, after an adaption time period of 48 h) showed an almost identical oligosaccharide pattern. By contrast, short-term changes of the culture condition led to considerable differences in the ratio of glycosylated to unglycosylated protein forms. Significant amounts of NH2-terminally truncated polypeptide forms were observed. They lacked proponderantly the first two amino acids; however, under certain culture conditions forms lacking up to eight NH2-terminal amino acids were detected. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 934-946 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ion pair reversed phase HPLC ; nucleotide pools ; UDP sugars ; adenylate energy charge ; animal cell culture ; process control ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Intracellular analysis has been shown to be useful as a tool for control production processes based on in vitro cultivated hybridoma and recombinant animal cells. Nucleotides were found to present the best target as they reflect the exact physiological state of a culture. Following the progress of batch, perfused, and chemostat cultures cell specific regularities were found in various biochemical correlations which allowed the generation of three characteristic parameters based on the interaction of particular nucleotides: the nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) ratio ([ATP + GTP]/[UTP + CTP]), the uridine (U) ratio (UTP/UDP-GNAc), and the combined ratio NTP/U ([UDP-GNAc (ATP + GTP)/ UTP (UTP + CTP)]). These allowed a direct description of the growth cycle by means of specific values or behavior for every phase of the culture. In particular, the critical phase of entrance into the phase of reduced growth was predicted up to 24 h earlier than was possible with the classical method of microscopic cell control. A specific function for the application of in vitro cultivated processes is proposed with an NTP-to-U plot which combines the results obtained by the cell analysis and which offers a tool for the control and regulaiton of cell growth-derived procedures. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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