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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical factors influencing winter precipitation chemistry (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 25 (1991), S. 782-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00016a025
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hailstone trajectories determined from crystallography, deuterium content and radar backscattering (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 112-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Deuterium content of hailstones ; Hailstone analysis ; Hailstone embryos ; Updrafts in hailstorms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-resolved hailstone samples have been collected in the region of maximum radar echo (λ=10 cm) from four severe hailstorms in Central Switzerland. Thin sections of 1220 hailstones have been prepared and their embryos were classified according to their bubble structure and crystallography. From this embryo trajectories were deduced. Thick sections of seven hailstones were then prepared in order to measure the deuterium content of the different growth layers. This allows an independent check of the embryo and hailstone trajectories as well as an approximate calculation of the updraft velocities. The deuterium content of the vapor feeding the cloud (R 0) has been determined from structural features of the stones as well as from the heightH −10: in this latter, new method the lowest deuterium values are attributed to those isotherms at which the top of the region of high radar reflectivity (Z m−10 dBZ) is observed. It is shown that both embryo and hailstone trajectories determined by the two methods are generally in good agreement and that deuterium measurements in conjunction with structural analyses and radar data result in realistic updraft velocities which are in substantial agreement with results from a numerical cloud model. In the temperature interval −10〈T c〈−25C upward motion of the hailstones generally corresponds to accretion of clear layers and downward motion to accretion of opaque layers at the same temperature. This is thought to be due to higher liquid water contents in the stronger updrafts resulting in growth near the wet limit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878987
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolog (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. ix 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479388
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ice crystal observations and the degree of riming in winter precipitation (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 29-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Since snow crystals provide information on the processes leading to their formation and growth, their observation gives insight to the microphysics of cloud and precipitation. The capture of supercooled cloud droplets by snow crystals (riming) forms an important link between precipitation and cloudwater and thus plays an important role in wet deposition. In the project ‘Winter Precipitation at Mount Rigi’ ice crystals are collected at two stations at different elevations. The shape, size and degree of riming of each crystal are analyzed for more than 10000 crystals. Differences in the degree of riming of the crystals between the higher and the lower station are discussed. With the aid of Doppler radar data the location of snow crystal origin is estimated. Furthermore a relationship between the degree of riming of snow crystals and the vertical Doppler velocities is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479391
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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