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Reactions of cotton or diethylaminoethyl cotton with 1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropanePresented at the 155th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, March 31-April 5, 1968. (1969)

Ward, Truman L. ; Benerito, Ruth R. ; McKelvey, John B.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 607-627

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Sulfhydryl groups have been introduced into cotton and into diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cotton by reaction with neat 1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane or alcoholic solutions of the thiirane. Reactions at room temperature have been compared with those at higher temperatures, and fabric properties obtained with various S/Cl ratios have been compared. The effects of additional external base catalysis on these reactions have been studied. Fabric properties resulting from cotton-1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane or DEAE-cotton-1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane reactions have been compared with properties obtained with the corresponding reactions of cotton or DEAE-cotton with epichlorohydrin. Sulfhydryl groups have also been introduced into cotton and DEAE-cotton by the in situ formation of 1-chloro-2,3-epithiopropane in the fabric as a result of the reaction of the oxygen analog with a thiourea or a thiocyanate. These in situ reactions have been carried out in the absence and presence of solvent and external base catalysts. Attempts to vary the wet and conditioned (dry) recovery angles by oxidation of sulfhydryl groups and by reduction of disulfide groups met with little success. Smaller improvement in wrinkle recovery properties imparted by the thiirane than by epichlorohydrin at a given add-on has been explained on the basis of greater tendency of the thiirane to open abnormally in neutral or slightly acidic conditions and thus the greater tendency of the thiirane to form polymers rather than to crosslink cotton. Tendency of the oxirane to open normally and therefore act difunctionally results in finished fabrics with low chlorine contents, a high degree of crosslinking, and little polymer formation.

Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130405

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Digitale Medien

Grafting of cyclic carbonates onto cotton and modified cottons (1977)

Ward, Truman L. ; Benerito, Ruth R.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1933-1944

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Cyclic carbonates react with amines to form carbamates, with alcohols to form hydroxyalkylated products, and with dibasic acids or dibasic acids plus a glycol to form polyesters. These types of reactions between ethylene, propylene, or glycerine carbonate and cotton, either unmodified or modified to contain amine or carboxyl groups, were investigated. Effects of method of application, temperature, time of reaction, and pressure were studied. Temperature in excess of 100°C and reduced pressures were satisfactory for removing the water formed. Reaction between cyclic carbonates, dibasic acids, a glycol, and nonaqueously prepared carboxymethylated cotton in a vacuum oven yielded a fabric with conditioned and wet wrinkle recovery of approximately 300(W + F)°. Infrared spectra, wrinkle recovery, and weight gain indicated that crosslinks formed in reactions between unmodified or carboxymethylated cotton and the cyclic carbonate. Reactions with aminized or diethylaminoethylated cotton formed terminal grafts.

Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210719

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Digitale Medien

Plumbite-treated cotton in formation of glassy materials (1976)

Ward, Truman L. ; Benerito, Ruth R.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2653-2661

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Glass-like materials containing carbon were produced by heating plumbite-treated cotton fabrics in a limited oxygen atmosphere while in contact with a surface having a high silica content. Although the new materials were changed to a clear glassy state, they retained the design and shape of the fabric weave and were hard, brittle, acid resistant, and alkali resistant. Surface smoothness of the new materials and release from the high silicon-content materials on which they were made depended on lead content of the plumbite-treated cotton fabric. High lead contents produced smoother surfaces and better release. This information was applied in producing glass-like write-on labels for laboratory glassware or individual flakes of the new material. Direct heat from a Bunsen-type burner caused the new glass-like materials to become metallic gold in color without altering other properties. Indirect heat reversed the color to the original. ESCA and x-ray fluorescence examinations showed the atom ratio of lead to silicon to be 2.5:1 for those made from high lead-content fabric. Substantial carbon was present in all lead levels.

Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070201004

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