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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The coelomic cavity: an important site of materno-fetal nutrient exchange in the first trimester of pregnancy (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To measure levels of folate and vitamin B12 in matched samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid from 9 to 12 weeks' gestation.Design Prospective observational study.Setting Homerton Hospital, London.Subjects Twenty-two women with ultrasonographically normal pregnancies before surgical termination.Methods Transvaginal ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of amniotic fluid and extra-embryonic coelomic fluid was performed. Pure samples of amniotic fluid and extra-embyronic coelomic fluid were obtained from each pregnancy, and folate and vitamin B12 were measured using microbiological assays.Results Levels of folate and vitamin B12 were higher in extra-embyronic coelomic fluid than in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Amniotic fluid folate levels were lower than in maternal serum whereas vitamin B12 levels in amniotic fluid were higher than in maternal serum. All differences in concentration were significant (P〈0.0005; paired t-Test). Positive correlations were found between the concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in each fluid. There was a linear correlation between gestational age and amniotic fluid folate levels (r= 0.648; P= 0.001).Conclusions High concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in coelomic fluid suggest that the coelomic cavity plays an important role in the materno-fetal exchange of these nutrients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14271.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low levels of amniotic fluid placental alkaline phosphatase in Down's syndrome (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To investigate amniotic fluid placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) levels in normal and trisomy 21 pregnancies.Design Cross sectional study.Setting A tertiary referral prenatal diagnostic service.Subjects Three hundred and eleven women with singleton pregnancies of normal karyotype between 10 and 23 weeks gestation and 31 women with pregnancies associated with trisomy 21 Down's syndrome.Outcome measures PLAP levels were measured by immunoradiometric assay in amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis.Results Amniotic fluid PLAP was detectable from 12 weeks gestation and the median value rose to a peak of 4.57 iu/1 at 18 weeks. Pregnancies associated with Down's syndrome had significantly lower levels with a median multiple of median (MoM) of 0.638, (U = 3374, P= 0.0016, 95%CI = 0.50, 0.89). For the 20 women with trisomy 21 pregnancies detected at 16 to 18 weeks, the median MoM was 0.482, (U = 3694, P= 0.0011, 95%CI = 0.37, 0.85).Conclusion These data demonstrates that PLAP levels are reduced in the amniotic fluid of women carrying a fetus with trisomy 21.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14312.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To determine the biochemical composition of amniotic fluid and extra-embryonic coelomic fluid between 8 and 12 weeks gestation.Design Prospective observational study.Subjects 40 women with a normal pregnancy between 7 and 12 weeks gestation having termination of pregnancy.Interventions Before termination the women had a transvaginal ultrasound guided amniocentesis. Pure samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid were obtained from each woman and standard biochemical variables were measured in each fluid sample immediately after collection.Results Levels of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate were significantly higher in amniotic fluid whilst chloride, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, glucose, creatinine, calcium and phosphate were present in higher concentrations in extraembryonic coelomic fluid. All differences in concentration were significant (P 〈0.05; unpaired Mest). No relation was demonstrated between electrolyte concentrations in amniotic fluid or coelomic fluid and stage of gestation.Conclusions Amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid have a widely differing biochemical composition. The biological significance of these differences remains unexplained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13821.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early amniocentesis: alphafetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid, extraembryonic coelomic fluid and maternal serum between 8 and 13 weeks (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective— The aim was to establish a normal range of alphafetoprotein (AFP) concentrations in amniotic fluid from 8 to 12 weeks gestation, and to determine any difference between AFP levels in amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid.Design and subjects— 150 women had a transvaginal ultrasound guided amniocentesis before termination of an apparently normal first trimester pregnancy. Separately identified samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid were obtained and assayed by radioimmunoassay for AFP.Results— In amniotic fluid, very high levels of AFP were present at 8 weeks, levels falling rapidly up to 10 weeks after which there was a slight rise. Thus over the period 8 to 10 weeks, there was a significant inverse correlation between amniotic fluid AFP and gestational age (r= 0.67; P 〈0.001). In extraembryonic coelomic fluid, by contrast there was no trend in AFP relative to gestational age.Conclusions— The rapidly changing levels of AFP from 8 to 10 weeks as well as the small volume of the amniotic cavity makes the use of amniocentesis impracticable before 11 weeks gestation. The lack of any relation between AFP levels in amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid emphasises the importance of identifying the site of amniocentesis in the first trimester.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13507.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erythropoietin levels in amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid in the first trimester of pregnancy (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 99 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective The aim was to measure erythropoietin levels in amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid from 7–12 weeks’ gestation.Subjects Twenty healthy women with ultrasonographically normal first trimester pregnancies prior to surgical termination.Methods Paired samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid were collected by transvaginal ultrasound guided needling. Erythropoietin was measured in both pregnancy fluids using a radioimmunoassay.Results There was a highly significant difference between erythropoietin levels in extraembryonic coelomic fluid (median level 15.45 mU/ml; range 6.8–32.1 mU/ml) and those in amniotic fluid (median 5.0 mU/ml; range 〈5.0–5.8 mU/ml) (P〈0.0001; Mann-Whitney U-test). The levels of erythropoietin in maternal serum (median 15.4 mU/ml; range 5.6–29.4 mU/ml) were similar to those in the extraembryonic coelom (P= 0.81; Mann-Whitney U-test). No relation was demonstrated between erythropoietin levels in amniotic fluid or coelomic fluid and stage of gestation.Conclusion High levels of erythropoietin in coelomic fluid suggests that the hormone is involved in the process of human extraembryonic erythropoiesis. The exact regulatory role remains unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13700.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Maternal and fetal levels of methionine and homocysteine in early human pregnancy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To investigate methionine metabolism during normal human embryonic development by measuring levels of methionine and total homocysteine in samples of maternal serum, extra-embryonic coelomic fluid, and amniotic fluid.Design Cross-sectional observational study.Setting Collaboration between St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and the University Hospital of Nijmegen in The Netherlands.Participants Twenty-three women with uncomplicated pregnancies between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation before surgical termination of an ultrasonographically normal fetus.Methods Maternal serum samples were collected prior to surgery. Samples of extra-embryonic fluid and amniotic fluids were obtained by transvaginal ultrasound-guided coelocentesis and amniocentesis. Methionine was measured using an aminoacid analyser and total homocysteine by high performance liquid chromatography.Results Levels of methionine were four times higher in extra-embryonic coelomic fluid and twice as high in amniotic fluid compared with maternal serum. In contrast, the total homocysteine concentrations were much lower in both extra-embryonic coelomic fluid and amniotic fluid than in maternal serum. All differences were significant (P〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:14700328:BJO20:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0.01).Conclusions The comparatively high concentrations of methionine in extra-embryonic coelomic fluid and amniotic fluid, and the concomitant low levels of total homocysteine in these fluids, suggest a role for methionine metabolism during early human pregnancy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10642.x
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