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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Intracellular signalling ; Ki-67 ; Microglia activation ; Normal brain ; Ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human traumatic brain injury (TBI) is ideally suited for investigation of the kinetics of human microglial cell activation as the onset of lesion formation is precisely defined. The present study provides evidence of a distinct delay in macrophage/microglia response following TBI. Eighteen brains of patients who had survived TBI for 1 h to 6 months were analysed by immunohistology. Samples of contusional and non-contusional areas were studied using antibodies directed against antigens of microglia/ macrophages [major histocompatibility complex class II, CD4, interleukin (IL)-16, macrophage-related protein (MRP) 8 and MRP14]. IL-16, a natural ligand to CD4, was expressed constitutively by numerous microglial cells in all cases throughout the brain. CD4 could be detected regularly on perivascular cells. MRP8 and MRP14, which are only expressed on activated macrophages and microglial cells, could be detected only within brains with a survival time of more than 72 h post TBI. In addition, proliferation of microglia detected by MIB-1 was not present until 72 h. This delayed expression of the activation markers MRP8 and MRP14 and the proliferation marker MIB-1 is comparable to experimental closed head injuries but strictly different from acute activation found in ischemic brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 8 (1997), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Matching ; FEM skull model ; Skull fracture ; pattern ; Computer tomography ; Photogrammetry ; Schlüsselwörter Matching ; FEM-Schädelmodell ; Schädelkalottenbruchsystem ; Computertomographie ; Photogrammetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wesentliche Voraussetzungen für die Rekonstruktion von traumatischen Krafteinwirkungen sind: 1. Die Erzeugung eines individuellen, geometrisch korrekten und kontinuumsmechanisch adäquaten Körpermodelles, an welchem die Wirkung (i.S. eines Verletzungsmusters) der in Frage stehenden speziellen Verletzungsdynamik im Wege der Simulation validiert werden kann. 2. Die integrative und maßstabgerechte Superposition von in verschiedenen Datenquellen niedergelegten traumatischen Schädigungen. Für ein Schädeltrauma konnte die erste Voraussetzung dadurch realisiert werden, daß es gelang, aus den computertomograpisch gemessenen Daten mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Technik ein individuelles, geometrisch korrektes knöchernes Schädelmodell zu erzeugen, dem für jedes finite Element realistische Materialeigenschaften zugefügt wurden, um so ein Objekt zu erhalten, das im Wege der Simulation der Dynamik der zu rekonstruierenden zerstörenden Kraftwirkung ausgesetzt werden kann. Die zweite Voraussetzung wird dadurch erfüllt, daß im Wege eines in der vorliegenden Arbeit vorgestellten Matching-Verfahrens eine sehr präzise Superposition von computertomographischen und von photogrammetrischen Daten gelingt.
    Notes: Abstract Requirements for the reconstruction of traumatic effects are: 1. The generation of an individual geometrically correct and mechanically adequate body model by which the effect (e.g. the injury pattern) of the special injury dynamics to be examined, can be validated by simulation. 2. The integrative and time-to-scale representation of traumatic lesions documented by different data systems. For a head injury the first requirement was realized using a finite element model (FEM) to construct an individual skull model from computer tomographic data. To each FEM cell the realistic material property was added to obtain an object which could be exposed by simulation to the dynamics of the destroying forces. The second requirement is fulfilled by getting a precise superposition of computer tomographic and photogrammetric data by the kind of matching presented in the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 86 (1981), S. 239-243 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Shockwave, interaction with nervous tissue ; Impacts of projectiles, shockwaves ; Schockwellen, Auswirkung am peripheren Nerven durch Geschoßeinwirkung ; Geschoßeinwirkung, Schockwellen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines ausführlich dargestellten Versuchsaufbaues wird gezeigt, daß durch Geschoßeinwirkung entstehende sogenannte Schockwellen an peripheren Nerven Summenaktionspotentiale (CAP) ausgelöst werden können. Die Amplitude des CAP steigt zunächst mit zunehmendem Schockwellendruck an, erreicht aber dann eine Sättigung bei ca. 8 bar. Der Nerv zeigt keine elektrische Aktivität unterhalb einer Schockwellenamplitude von 0,75 bar.
    Notes: Summary To verify a presumed interaction between shockwaves arisen by impacts of high velocity projectiles and nervous tissue an electrophysiological experiment is performed with the following results: In peripheral nerves regular compound action potentials (CAPs) are provoked by shockwaves the amplitudes of which are increased corresponding to the pressure intensity of the shockwaves. The nerve shows no electrical activity below a certain pressure threshold (0.75 bar). Saturation of the CAP amplitude occurs beyond a pressure limit of 8 bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 89 (1982), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Interchange of ethanol ; Linked convection-diffusion system ; Arterial ethanol concentration ; Tissue concentration of ethanol ; Äthanolaustausch (interkompartimentell) ; Gekoppeltes Konvektions-Diffusions-System ; Arterielle Blutalkoholkonzentration ; Gewebsalkoholkonzentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der interkompartimentelle Äthanolaustausch im Körper des Menschen erfolgt in einem gekoppelten Konvektions-Diffusions-System. Durch Aufteilung des Herzminutenvolumens in einen funktionellen Mischstrom und einen Shuntstrom läßt sich dieses System mathematisch beschreiben. Experimentelle Messungen zeigen, daßdas Verhältnis von Shunt- zu Mischstrom nahezu 1:1 beträgt. Weiterhin läßt die Aufteilung eine Berechnung des arteriellen Blutalkoholkonzentrationsverlaufs aus dem venösen und eine Abschätzung der in das Gewebe eingedrungenen Äthanolmenge zu.
    Notes: Summary Interchange of ethanol between the compartments of the body results from transport in a linked convection-diffusion system. This system can be described mathematically by dividing up the cardiac output in a shunt flow and a flow immediately mixed into the integrated solvent volume of the body. Experimental measurement shows that the ratio of shunt flow and mixing flow is nearly 1:1. Furthermore, this division allows a calculation of the arterial ethanol concentration from the venous one and an estimation of the quantity of ethanol diffused into the tissue volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 69 (1971), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Bayessches Theorem ; Vaterschafts-Plausibilität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Bayessche Theorem wird zur Berechnung der Vaterschaftsplausibilität angewendet und gleichzeitig die Richtigkeit der Anwendung durch Schätzung des Verhältnisses $$\bar q$$ in einem gegebenen Material überprüft. Durch das angegebene Verfahren erhält die Schätzung vonq eine breite Grundlage, da es nicht nur aus dem Verhältnis der Ausschlüsse zur mittleren Ausschluß wahrscheinlichkeit, sondern aus sämtlichen Terzett-typen ermittelt wird. Dem Blutgruppengutachter wird empfohlen,q in seinem Material zu schätzen und festzustellen, ob eine Berechnung der Vaterschaftsplausibilität in seinem Material nach dem Bayesschen Theorem möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary Applying Bayes' theorem a method for the calculation of the plausibility of paternity is proposed. The estimate ofq as realization of the eventsDV—the occurrence of dublets mother-child with true fathers—and $$\overline {DV} $$ —the occurrence of dublets mother-child with falsely alleged men—serves as means to prove the correctness of the application. Experts in blood group serology are invited to estimateq in their case material to find out if Bayes' theorem can be applied to paternity calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Ganglion cells ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mean optical density (MOD) ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the topography of morphine distribution in the human brain, a method has been developed to detect morphine immunohistochemically. In this study hippocampus tissue from victims of heroin overdose (blood morphine concentrations 220 ng/g–1500 ng/g; 6-MAM positive urine sample), known for its high concentration of μ-opiate receptors was used. The immunohistochemical staining was performed with an anti-morphine antiserum originally developed for radio-immuno-assays. In comparison with control specimens from cases of sudden death without morphine exposition or a history of heroin abuse, the brains from victims of heroin overdose showed selectively stained ganglion cells, axons and dendrites, suggesting a massive concentration of morphine in the neuronal structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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