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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATP-sensitive potassium channels in adult mouse skeletal muscle: Characterization of the ATP-binding site (1989)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 110 (1989), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: skeletal muscle ; patch clamp ; K+ channel ; adenosine triphosphate ; n-ethylmaleimide ; sulphydryl group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Single K+-selective channels were studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from dissociated mouse toe muscle fibers. Channels of 74 pS conductance in symmetrical 160mm KCl solutions were blocked reversibly by 10 μm internal ATP and thus identified as ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The channels were also blocked reversibly bymm concentrations of internal adenosine, adenine and thymine, but not by cytosine and uracil. The efficacy of the reversible channel blockers was higher when they were present in internal NaCl instead of KCl solutions. An irreversible inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels was observed after application of several sulphydryl-modifying substances in the internal solution: 0.5mm chloramine-T, 50mm hydrogen peroxide or 2mm n-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Largeconductance Ca-activated K+ channels were not affected by these reagents. The presence of 1mm internal ATP prevents the irreversible inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by NEM. The results suggest that internal Na+ ions increase the affinity of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel to ATP and to other reversible channel blockers and that a functionally important SH-group is located at or near the ATP-binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869152
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vanadate as an activator of ATP — sensitive potassium channels in mouse skeletal muscle (1991)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 19 (1991), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Potassium channel ; Patch clamp ; ATP ; Vanadate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The inside-out mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to study adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels in mammalian skeletal muscle. Vanadate, applied to the cytoplasmic face of excised patches, was a potent activator of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+) were a prerequisite for the activating process. The maximal effect was achieved using 1 mM vanadate dissolved in Ringer, increasing the open-state probability about ninefold. The active 5 + redox form of vanadate which stimulates ATP-sensitive K+ channels is likely to be decavanadate V10O inf28 sup6− . ATP concentration-response curves have Hill coefficients near three in internal Na+-rich Ringer and between one and two in internal KCl solutions. Half maximal channel blockage was observed at ATP concentrations of 4 and 8 μM in Ringer and KCl solutions, respectively. Internal vanadate shifted the curves towards higher ATP concentrations without affecting their slopes. Thus 50% channel blockage occurred at 65 μM ATP in internal Ringer containing 0.5 mM vanadate. The results indicate that the affinity and stoichiometry of ATP binding to ATP-sensitive K+ channels are strongly modulated by internal cations and that the ATP sensitivity is weakened by vanadate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185452
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal Ca^2^+ ions inactivate and modify ATP-sensitive potassium channels in adult mouse skeletal muscle
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1190 (1994), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Mouse) ; Adenosine triphosphate ; Calcium dependent inactivation ; Patch clamp ; Potassium channel ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(94)90082-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-conductance states of K^+ channels in adult mouse skeletal muscle
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 983 (1989), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Mouse) ; Low-conductance state ; Patch clamp ; Potassium ion channel ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(89)90225-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Properties of Mitochondria from Naegleria gruberi (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 26 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Whole cell respiration rates were measured polarographically for Naegleria gruberi during growth in agitated cultures. Log growth phase amebae consumed 80 ng atoms O/min/mg cell protein. At stationary phase, respiration rate decreased 4–fold. Intact mitochondria were isolated from N. gruberi and their oxidative and phosphorylative capacities were studied polarographically. As with the mammalian system, the mitochondria oxidized succinate and NAD-linked substrates, but unlike rat liver mitochondria, those from the protozoan rapidly oxidized citrate and NADH. The rates of substrate oxidation were ADP-dependent, with ADP:O ratios equalling ˜ 2.8 for NAD-linked substrates and ˜ 2.2 for succinate. The respiratory control ratios. 2 to 4 for 11 substrates, were dependent on Pi, Mg2+, and serum albumin. Potassium cyanide, azide, malonale, and rotenone inhibited electron transport the same way as that of the mammalian system: however, amytal inhibited both glutamate and succinate respiration. Pentachlorophenol, DNP, and bilirubin uncoupled oxidation from phosphorylation. Difference spectra of oxidized and dithionite-reduced mitochondria had distinct absorption bands of flavins and of c-, b-, and α-type cytochromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb02787.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell Size, Macromolecular Composition, and O2 Consumption During Agitated Cultivation of Naegleria gruberi (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 24 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Cell size, macromolecular composition, carbohydrate utilization patterns, and O2 concentrations were measured throughout the growth stages of Naegleria gruberi in agitated cultures in a complex medium. Biphasic logarithmic growth occurred during the initial 83 hr of growth and the mean generation time was 7.0 hr and 19 hr during initial and secondary log growth stages, respectively. The maximum yield was 5 × 10* amebaeJml. The pH rose rapidly (1 pH unit) during the secondary log growth phase (52-83 hr) and continued into the stationary growth phase (83-120 hr). Dry weight, total protein, carbohydrate, and RNA per ameba increased just before the secondary log growth phase. RNA increased 31% to 35% per ameba at the end of each phase of log growth. DNA increased ∼ 2-fold throughout the different growth phases. Average cell size increased 90% during biphasic log growth then decreased during stationary phase. O2 tension decreased from 100% to 18% of saturation during the biphasic growth phase, then increased during stationary growth to near 100% saturation. Glucose and total carbohydrate assays showed little utilization of those substrates throughout the growth stages. Naegleria gruberi presumably has a predominantly aerobic metabolism, also its metabolism may change during the different growth phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb05306.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic Studies for the Optimization of Recombinant Protein Formation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 782 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb40572.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockers and inhibitors of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in adult mouse skeletal muscle (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 414 (1989), S. S181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582295
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of potassium channel openers on single potassium channels in mouse skeletal muscle (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 342 (1990), S. 258-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Patch clamp ; Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel ; Calcium-activated potassium channel ; Potassium channel opener ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The patch-clamp technique was used to study the effects of the potassium channel openers cromakalim, pinacidil, RP 49356 and diazoxide on single potassium channels in mouse skeletal muscle. In excised patches in the inside-out configuration, one type of potassium channel, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, could be activated by internally applied RP 49356 even in the absence of internal ATP. At a concentration of 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/l, RP 49356 increased the open-probability of the channels by a factor of 2.7 and 17.4 respectively. The stimulating effect of cromakalim (0.2–0.8 mmol/l) and pinacidil (0.4 mmol/l) depended on the presence of ATP (0.1 mmol/l) at the cytoplasmic side of the patch membrane. The two drugs were able to restore the open-probability of the channels blocked by internal ATP (0.1 mmol/l) to 50–90% of its value in ATP-free solution. No channel reactivation could be observed at a higher ATP concentration (1 mmol/l). Diazoxide (0.4 mmol/l) had almost no effect. None of these channel openers could stimulate the other prominent type of potassium channel in skeletal muscle, the large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel. The results show that cromakalim, pinacidil and RP 49356 are specific openers of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in skeletal muscle. It is suggested that the drugs displace the channel blocker ATP and that RP 49356 in addition recruits inactive channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169435
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