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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Deficiency of complement component C4 is considered playing a role in the genetic predisposition for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the genomic alterations of the C4 and CYP21 genes in 40 caucasoid patients with SLE by C4 allotyping and by RFLP analysis. Nineteen patients (47.5%) carried C4A null alleles and eight patients (20.0%) C4B null alleles. SLE patients had more frequent C4A null alleles (47.5%) than healthy individuals (20%) (X2= 10.75; P 〈 0.005). The commonest molecular alteration in the patients with C4A null alleles was a large gene deletion affecting both C4A and CYP21A genes. However, among the patients with C4A null alleles, 16.7% persons had no detectable C4A deletion. The non-expression of C4A gene might be due to defects at various levels of gene expression (i.e. transcription and translation).Among the patients with C4B null alleles, 62.5% persons had no detectable gene lesion, whereas 37.5% showed a C4B deletion including both C4B/CYP21A or C4B/CYP21B genes.Duplication of the C4B gene was not rare in SLE patients, as we found 15.0% of the patients with a heterozygous C4B/CY21A gene duplication. The patients typed as having C4B gene homoduplication (B1,1) demonstrated two long C4B loci, whereas heteroduplication (B1,2) displayed two short loci, therefore the type of C4B gene duplication may be related to the gene length.In conclusion, C4 deficiencies observed in 26 of the 40 SLE patients studied were very heterogeneous. In every case, the gene alteration affected both C4 and CYP21 genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 33 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tiaramide hydrochloride (THC) is a new basic, non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug. Its anti-anaphylactic action has been investigated using rat mast cells. It was found that THC exerts a strong inhibitory action on antigen-induced and compound 48/80–induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in a fluorometric assay. Compound 48/80–induced vasodilatation in rat skin is inhibited by prior intradermal injection of THC, as measured by blueing of skin due to intravascular Evans blue dye. THC also inhibits radio-labeled serotonin release from compound 48/80–challenged rat mast cells.In these experimental systems a similar action was exerted by disodium cromoglycate, but higher drug concentrations were needed.Further studies are needed to determine the exact mode of action of this drug and its eventual clinical use in the field of allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 4 (1980), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Intolerance ; Total hip prostheses ; Metallosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'intolérance aux débris d'usure des prothèses en stellite (à propos de 30 cas réopérés) a été examinée: est-elle dûe à une allergie, une réaction à corps étranger, ou une toxicité? La surveillance de 1500 prothèses totales de hanche en stellite a révélé 30 descellements d'aspect atypique qui ont nécessité une réintervention. Celle-ci a révélé que ces descellements étaient aseptiques, non liés à des facteurs mécaniques (bonne fixation initiale de la prothèse, pas d'élévation significative du couple résistant). Ils étaient liés à l'existence, entre le cimennet l'os, d'un «pannus» épais et de mauvaise résistance mécanique, constitué de macrophages contenant des débris métalliques. La quantité de débris métalliques périprothètiques a pu être mesurée; leur présence à l'intérieur des macrophages a été mise en évidence par la microscopie optique et électronique, et leur nature a été analysée à l'aide de microsondes. Une étude immunologique assez détaillée a été réalisée à l'occasion du remplacement des prothèses en stellite par des prothèses en acier/polyéthylène: -modifications, à l'occasion d'examens répétés, pré- et post-operatoires, du taux des immuns-complexes circulants (précipitation par le polyéthylène glycol et test par hémolyse de la consommation du complément), ainsi que le dosage des fractions III et IV du complément; -étude en immunofluorescence des tissus périprothètiques (extra- et intra-cellulaire). Ces examens associés à la recherche de l'allergie cutanée et aux résultats des examens histologiques conventionnels, suggèrent que la survenue du «pannus», facteur du descellement, est en rapport avec l'abondance des macrophages, qui vont phagocyter les débris d'usure métalliques. Ce mécanisme pourrait être en relation, non seulement avec l'abondance, mais avec la taille des ces débris d'usure. Le «pannus» macrophagique pourrait intervenir, aussi bien en raison des mauvaises qualités mécaniques à l'interface, que par la libération d'enzymes protéolytiques d'origine lyzosomiale, lors de la mort des macrophages. Exceptionnellement (3cas) une nécrose des tissus périprothètiques, dont l'aspect peut être compatible avec une réaction allergique de type III, a été trouvée. Cependant, en règle générale, le descellement des prothèses en stellite ne semble pas en rapport avec des mécanismes immunologiques. L'existence d'une intolérance aux débris d'usure rend à nos yeux nécessaire que tous les nouveaux biomatériaux, distinés à être utilisés dans les arthroplasties, soient testés à l'aide du bilan détaillé que nous venons de définir, avant toute application clinique.
    Notes: Summary Intolerance to the products of wear of total hip prostheses made of Stellite has been examined questioning whether this was due to allergy, foreign body reaction or toxicity. Follow up of more than 1,500 total hip prostheses made of Stellite has shown atypical loosening in 30 cases, all requiring further operation. The loosening was aseptic and non-mechanical (there being good initial bonding of the prosthesis and no special change in frictional torque), but between the cement and the bone lay a thick structually weak ‘pannus’ made up of macrophages containing metallic particles. The amount of periprosthetic metallic debris has been measured, its presence inside the macrophages proved by optical and electronic microscopy and its nature analysed by micropobes. Finally, the following features have male up a comprehensive immunological study at the time of further operation, when the Stellite prosthesis has been replaced by a steel and polyethylene combination: -Variations in repeated pre- and post-operative estimations of the levels of circulating immune-complexes (precipitation by polyethylene glycol and haemolytic complement consumption tests), and of the III and IV fractions of serum complement; -Immunofluorescence studies of periprosthetic tissues (both extra- and intra-cellular). These investigations, associated with the detection of skin sensitivity and conventional histological findings, suggest that the occurrence of ‘pannus’ as the cause of loosening, is usually due to flocking of macrophages which phagocytose the metallic wear debris. This mechanism could be associated not only with the abundance, but also with the size of wear debris. The macrophage ‘pannus’ is likely to produce its effect as well because of poor mechanical properties at the interface than by the release of proteolytic enzymes of lyzosomal origin when the macrophages die. Exceptionally (3 cases), necrosis of periprosthetic tissues, with a histological appearance consistent with an allergic reaction — type III —, has been found. As a rule the loosening of Stellite prostheses does not seem to be associated with immunological mechanisms. However, it makes fundamental sense that the existence of sensitivity to particles of wear makes it important that any biomaterial to be used in prothetic arthroplasty, passes satisfactorily the comprehensive immunological tests that we have defined, before it is accepted for clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 59 (1990), S. 435-442 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Acute maximal exercise ; Chronic submaximal exercise ; Leucocyte populations ; Lymphocyte populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Absolute (×103·mm−3) or relative (%) numbers of blood leucocyte types (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils) and lymphocyte subsets (T11+, T4+, T8+, B1+, and NKH1+) reacting with specific monoclonal antibodies were determined at rest, immediately after maximal exercise on a treadmill, in six controls (C), and in six young cyclists before training (BT) and after 5 months of training (AT). Maximal exercise significantly increased the absolute number (mobilization) of virtually all the types of leucocytes and subsets of lymphocytes in C, BT and AT subjects. In these subjects mobilization of natural killer cells (NKH1+) and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes (T8+) was greater than mobilization of the other leucocyte types and lymphocyte subsets; however, maximal exercise induced no significant changes in the relative numbers of any leucocyte types and lymphocyte subsets, except in the case of T4+ lymphocytes in AT cyclists. Chronic submaximal exercise induced increased mobilization of neutrophils and decreased mobilization of lymphocytes during maximal exercise, except in the case of B lymphocytes (B1+) and NKH1+ cells, and decreases in the absolute and relative number of neutrophils at rest. It remains to be seen how these results can explain the modifications of leucocyte activities noted in vitro after isolated or chronic exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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