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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BLOOD FLOW AND RELATIVE TISSUE OXYGENATION OF NORMAL AND PARTIALLY ISCHAEMIC MYOCARDIUM: EFFECT OF CO2 (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 5 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Ischaemia of a portion of the myocardium in the dog heart was produced by tying off a small branch of a coronary artery: flow in the occluded region was reduced from 5 to 82% of the initial value.2. The effect of inhalation of 5% CO2 in air on relative tissue PO2 and perfusion in normal and partially ischaemic myocardium was determined.3. After 10 min inhalation of 5% CO2, there was an increase in tissue perfusion as measured by hydrogen desaturation; the increase was inversely proportional to the degree of flow reduction.4. Relative intramyocardial PO2 measured polarographicafly, decreased with occlusion and increased after CO2 inhalation; the changes were inversely proportional to the degree of reduction in Po25. The increase in flow after CO2 inhalation suggests that partially ischaemic myocardial tissue is capable of further vasodilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1978.tb00712.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imbalance of electromyographic activity and physical rehabilitation of patients with idiopathic scoliosis (1993)
    Springer
    European spine journal 1 (1993), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Electromyographie ; Scoliose idiopathique ; Rééducation fonctionnelle ; Programme de réadaptation fonctionnelle ; Etiologie ; Electromyography ; Idiopathic scoliosis ; Physiotherapy ; Rehabilitation programme ; Aetiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to monitor changes in postural performance capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis after an intensive in-patient Schroth rehabilitation programme [17] lasting several weeks, we undertook electromyographic investigations in 316 patients with a mean age of 20 years (range 8–76 years) and a mean Cobb curvature angle of 38.2° (range 10°–147°). Electromyographic activity was recorded by means of surface electrodes in the thoracic and lumbar region at the level of the apical vertebra, paravertebrally on both sides of the erector spinae muscle during trunk lifting from the prone position. Two hundred and fifty-nine recordings without artefacts were evaluated. Significant reductions in muscle activity of 6.85% in the thoracic convex region (P〈0.05) and of 14.2% (P〈0.001) on the lumbar convex side were found. The activity quotient (convesx/concave) was reduced by 11.99% (P〈0.001) in the thoracic region and by 7.91% (P〈0.01) in the lumbar region. These findings confirm the improvement of postural performance capacity after an intensive in-patient Schroth rehabilitation programme. As the imbalance of electromyographic activity may be influenced by scoliosis-specific exercises leading to a highly significant reduction of the Cobb angle, it is assumed to be secondary to the development of the scoliotic curve and may not be a primary factor in the aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis.
    Notes: Résumé Afin de contrôler les modifications des performances posturales des patients présentant une scoliose idiopathique, après un programme de réadaptation intensive en internat selon le protocole de Schroth [17], poursuivi pendant plusieurs semaines, nous avons entrepris des explorations électromyographiques chez 316 patients présentant un âge moyen de 20 ans (extrêmes: 8–76 ans) et une courbure moyenne de 38,2° (extrêmes: 10–147°). L'activité électromyographique a été enregistrée à l'aide d'électrodes de surface placées dans la région thoracique et lombaire au niveau de la vertèbre apicale, en situation paravertébrale de chaque côté des muscles érecteurs du rachis, lors du soulèvement du tronc à partir de la position de décubitus ventral. 259 enregistrements dépourvus d'artéfacts ont été évalués. Une diminution significative de l'activité musculaire a été mise en évidence, de l'ordre de 6,85% au niveau de la convexité thoracique (P〈0.05), et de 14,2% (P〈0,001) au niveau de la convexité lombaire. Le rapport des activités musculaires (côté convexe/côté concave) était réduit de 11,99% (P〈0,001) dans la région thoracique, et de 7,91% (P〈0,01) dans la région lombaire. Ces découvertes confirment l'amélioration des performances posturales après une réadaptation intensive en internat selon le protocole de Schroth. Le déséquilibre de l'activité électromyographique peut être influencé par les exercices adaptés qui permettent une réduction hautement significative de l'angle de Cobb chez les patients scoliotiques; il est donc considéré comme étant secondaire au développement de la courbure scoliotique et non pas comme un facteur étiologique primaire de la scoliose idiopathique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298367
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of vertebral rotation: Perdriolle versus Raimondi (1995)
    Springer
    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 34-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Scoliosis ; Vertebral rotation ; Torsion meter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The measurement of vertebral rotation according to Perdriolle is widely used in the French-speaking and Anglo-American countries. Even in this measurement technique there may be a relatively high estimation error because of the not very accurate grading in steps of 5°. The measurement according to Raimondi seems to be easier to use and is more accurate, with 2° steps. The purpose of our study was to determine the technical error of both measuring methods. The apex vertebra of 40 curves on 20 anteroposterior (AP) radiographs were measured by using the Perdriolle torsion meter and the Regolo Raimondi. Interrater and intrarater reliability were computed. The thoracic Cobb angle was 43°, the lumbar Cobb angle 36°. The average rotation according to Perdriolle was 19.1° thoracic (SD 11.14), 12.7° lumbar (11.21). Measurement of vertebral rotation according to Raimondi showed an average rotation of 20.25° in the thoracic region (11.40) and 13.4° lumbar (10.92). The intrarater reliability was r=0.991 (Perdriolle) and r=0.997 (Raimondi). The average intrarater error was 1.025° in the Perdriolle measurement and 0.4° in the Raimondi measurement. Interrater error was on average 3.112° for the Perdriolle measurement and 3.630° for the Raimondi measurement. This shows that both methods are useful tools for the follow-up of vertebral rotation as projected on standard X-rays for the experienced clinicial. The Raimondi ruler is easier to use and is slightly more reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional blood flow and oxygenation of the rabbit heart subjected to acute coronary occlusion — effect of phenoxybenzamine (1982)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 77 (1982), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: coronary blood flow ; myocardial ischemia ; tissue PO2 ; infarct ; alpha adrenergic blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of phenoxybenzamine (2 mg/kg) on subepicardial (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) blood flow and oxygenation was determined in ischemic and non-ischemic areas of hearts subjected to acute coronary occlusion in 24 pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chest New Zealand white rabbits. Ten minutes after occlusion, blood flow measured with radioactive microspheres was 57% lower in the occluded region compared to the non-occluded area. There were no EPI vs. ENDO differences at this time. Phenoxybenzamine was then administered and one hour after occlusion, flow in all areas was significantly reduced. Flow in the occluded area fell to a lesser extent than in the non-occluded area. ENDO flows were lower than EPI in both areas. After occlusion, relative tissue PO2 fell significantly in the affected area. No other changes were significant. Phenoxybenzamine lowered relative tissue PO2 in the occluded ENDO but had no other effect. This indicates that the relationship of O2 supply to consumption is preserved in the heart after phenoxybenzamine except in the occluded ENDO. In this region, the fall in relative tissue PO2 indicates that the reduction in flow is large compared to any change in metabolism. The reduction in this relationship may be due to reduced perfusion pressure for collateral flow and/or “coronary steal”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01908130
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxygen wasting effect of isoproterenol is altered by chemical denervation and cardiac hypertrophy (1996)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 91 (1996), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: β-adrenergic stimulation ; segment work ; regional blood flow ; regional O2 consumption ; efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We tested the hypothesis that isoproterenol would increase myocardial work and O2 consumption at reduced efficiency and that both left ventricular hypertrophy and chemical sympathectomy would lead to changes in this myocardial efficiency response. Left ventricular hypertrophy was produced by aortic valve plication in 23 puppies. Six months later, sympathetic denervation (6-hydroxydopamine) was produced in 12 hypertrophied and 10 non-hypertrophied dogs, 5 days prior to acute experiments. Ten non-hypertrophied and 11 hypertrophied animals were not denervated. Measurements were made before and during an isoproterenol infusion (0.5 μg/kg/min). Regional myocardial work was calculated as the integrated product of force (miniature transducer) and segment shortening (ultrasonic crystals). Regional O2 consumption was calculated from regional blood flow (microspheres) and regional O2 saturations (microspectrophotometry). In all groups, regional O2 consumption increased with isoproterenol (non-hypertrophied, non-sympathectomized 6.5±0.8 to 20.3±5 ml O2/min/100 g, non-hypertrophied, sympathectomized 5.0±0.7 to 10.0±1.5, hypertrophied, nonsympathectomized 9.8±1.3 to 16.2±2.2, hypertrophied, sympathectomized 6.1±0.5 to 13.3±1.6). Regional segment work also increased in all groups with isoproterenol stimulation (non-hypertrophied, non-sympathectomized 781±73 to 1197±61 g·mm/min, non-hypertrophied, sympathectomized 996±221 to 2118±412, hypertrophied, non-sympathectomized 1031±145 to 3262±753, hypertrophied, sympathectomized 721±116 to 1745±402). In the non-hypertrophied, non-sympathectomized group, efficiency (work/O2 consumption) was significantly decreased from 122±17 to 76±9 g·mm/ml O2/100 g demonstrating an “oxygen wasting” effect. In the hypertrophied, non-sympathectomized group, segment efficiency significantly increased from 94±19 to 250±63. In both sympathectomized groups, efficiency was not altered by isoproterenol. Thus the oxygen wasting effect of β-adrenergic stimulation was reversed by left ventricular hypertrophy and blocked by sympathectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The negative functional and metabolic effects of muscarinic stimulation are enchanced byβ-adrenergic activation in control and hypertrophic dog hearts in vivo (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Cardiac hypertrophy ; acetylcholine ; dog ; β-adrenergic stimulation ; myocardial O2 consumption ; regional myocardial function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine if the effects of muscarinic stimulation on left ventricular function and metabolism are greater during β-adrenergic activation, whether a cyclic GMP-mediated mechanism is responsible, and if this is altered by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by aortic valve stenosis. Acetylcholine (Ach) (5 μg/kg/min) and/or isoproterenol (Iso) (0.1 μg/kg/min) was infused into a branch of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in 8 control and 8 LVH open-chest anesthetized dogs. LVH increased heart weight, heart-to-body weight ratio and systolic left ventricular pressure. LVH reduced muscarinic receptor density (fmol/mg protein) (control: 149.2±18.6; LVH: 77.8±8.6), but not affinity. Alone, Ach had no effect on regional force, work or metabolism. Iso increased peak force (g) (control: baseline-7.4±0.4; Iso-12.4±2.2; LVH: baseline-6.7±0.8; Iso-16.3±2.7, regional work (g mm/min)) (control: baseline-1250±186; Iso-1813±409; LVH: baseline-927±235; Iso-1244±222), and O2 consumption (ml O2/min/100 g) (control: baseline-3.3±0.2; Iso-8.1±2.0; LVH: baseline-4.8±1.0; Iso-8.3±1.1). During Iso, Ach reduced segment shortening (control: Iso-14.5±1.2; Iso+Ach-10.5±1.8; LVH: Iso-10.4±1.5; Iso+Ach-7.6±1.3) and peak force (control: Iso+Ach-7.7±1.0; LVH: Iso+Ach-10.5±1.4). Ach also reduced work (control: Iso+Ach-875±217; LVH: Iso+Ach-776±180) and O2 consumption (control: Iso+Ach-3.4±0.7; LVH: Iso+Ach-3.6±0.6) in the presence of Iso. Cyclic GMP was higher in the LVH animals during all treatments and was elevated from baseline by Ach in both groups. Neither Iso nor Iso+Ach had a significant effect on cyclic GMP. Thus, the negative functional and metabolic effects of muscarinic stimulation are enhanced during β-adrenergic activation. This does not, however, appear to be dependent on a cyclic GMP-mediated mechanism. Despite reduced number of muscarinic receptors, this response was not altered by pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00796213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of reperfusion on O2 supply/consumption balance in ischemic canine left ventricle (1988)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 188 (1988), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Reperfusion ; Myocardial ischemia ; Infarct ; Coronary blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was designed to assess the effects of reperfusion on regional O2 supply and O2 consumption of ischemic areas of the myocardium in 15 anesthetized open-chested dogs. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 6 h (n = 8), 2 h (n = 5), 2-h occlusion followed by 4-h period of reperfusion (n = 7), and 10-min occlusion followed by 90-min period of reperfusion (n = 3). Small artery and vein O2 saturations obtained microspectrophotometrically were combined with regional flow measurements using radioactive microspheres to determine regional myocardial O2 consumption. Coronary occlusion for 2 or 6 h significantly reduced mean flow to 15 ± 8 and 13 ± 14 ml/min/100 g (mean ± SD), respectively, in the affected LAD areas as compared to 128 ± 26 and 113 ± 46 ml/min/100 g in the non-ischemic areas. In the 4-h reperfusion group, reperfusion increased the average flow (60 ± 42 ml/min/100 g). O2 extraction was greater in the ischemic area than in the unaffected area after both occlusion and 4-h reperfusion. In the affected area, O2 consumption was reduced by 84% after 6-h occlusion. Reperfusion for 4 h increased O2 consumption toward normal values. Coronary artery occlusion produced an increase in the number of arteries and veins with reduced O2 saturations and this was not affected by reperfusion. Short-term occlusion had no significant O2 supply effects after 90 min of reperfusion. It can be concluded that even though there was an increased O2 consumption as a consequence of reperfusion, O2 consumption still appeared to be flow-limited as indicated by the microregions of low O2 supply and/or high O2 extraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional oxygen supply and consumption balance in experimental left ventricular hypertrophy (1990)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 85 (1990), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: aortic valvestenosis ; coronaryblood flow ; myocardialO 2 consumption ; cardiachypertrophy ; dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to determine if the relationship between myocardial O2 supply and O2 consumption was preserved after prolonged pressure overload due to aortic valve stenosis. This was examined in anesthetized open-chest dogs in which the aortic valve was plicated 6 months previously. We measured coronary blood flow with radioactive microspheres and regional small vessel O2 saturation with microspectrophotometry, to obtain O2 supply, and O2 consumption. Regional O2 consumption was calculated as the product of flow and O2 extraction. The left ventricular weight/body weight ratio was 81% greater in the dogs with aortic valve stenosis. There were no hemodynamic differences between the groups except that left ventricular systolic pressure was 38±22 mm Hg greater than aortic in the hypertrophied group. Coronary blood flow did not differ between the control and hypertrophied groups nor were there subepicardial vs subendocardial differences. When maximal coronary flow was determined with chromonar (10 mg/kg), the flow increase was significantly attenuated in the hypertrophied subendocardium (242.1±82.3 (hypertrophy) vs 512.4±204.1 ml·min−1·100 g−1 (control)). There were no significant differences in O2 extraction or O2 consumption/g between control and hypertrophied animals. There was a significantly lower O2 supply/consumption ratio in the subendocardium compared to the subepicardium of both groups. However, the O2 supply/consumption ratio was not decreased by hypertrophy. Thus, despite significant hypertrophy, a loss of flow reserve and a high left ventricular pressure, O2 supply/consumption balance is preserved in valvular aortic stenosis at rest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907892
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propranolol and thyroxine-induced hypertrophic rabbit hearts: Effect on heart size and regional O2 supply/consumption variables (1988)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 83 (1988), S. 268-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: propranolol ; cardiachypertrophy ; coronary blood flow ; myocardialoxygen consumption ; thyroxine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute and chronic propranolol on heart size and regional O2 supply/consumption variables in thyroxine (T4-treated rabbit hearts. New Zealand white rabbits were given 0.5 mg/kg T4 for 3 or 16 days with and without concomitant 2 mg/kg propranolol. Another group was given 16 days of propranolol alone and another 3-day T4 group was given 2 mg/kg propranolol 1 h before the experiment began. Another group served as control. Myocardial blood flows were determined using radioactive microspheres and small arteriolar and venous O2 saturations were determined using microspectrophotometry. Treatment with T4 for 3 or 16 days increased the heart weight/body weight ratio, myocardial blood flow, and regional O2 consumption. 16-day T4 treatment resulted in myocardial flow 195% and O2 consumption 300% above control group values. When propranolol was given chronically along with T4, heart weight/body weight ratios did not increase to the degree seen with 3 or 16 days of T4, alone. Propranolol given acutely in 3-day T4-treated animals, resulted in a reduced O2 consumption and O2 extraction, though not to the extent seen with chronic propranolol treatment of T4-treated animals. Acute propranolol treatment slightly reduced myocardial blood flow in 3-day T4-treated animals, while chronic treatment significantly reduced it. Chronic propranolol treatment in 16-day T4-treated animals resulted in a significant reduction in flow and O2 consumption. Thus, T4 treatment increased O2 consumption, flow, and heart size and these effects could be attenuated using acute and chronic propranolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907360
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of complement depletion on O2 supply and consumption in ischemic dog myocardium (1987)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 82 (1987), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardium ; complement ; coronary blood flow ; ischemia ; myocardial O2 consumption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to determine whether depletion of serum complement can decrease the severity of an ischemic episode by improving regional O2 supply and conumption parameters in the ischemic region of the heart. Fourteen anesthetized dogs with serum complement intact or depleted (100 U/kg cobra venom factor given 8 hrs before) were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion for 6 hrs. Myocardial blood flows were determined before and 6 hrs after LAD occlusion using radioactive microspheres. Regional arterial and venous O2 saturations were determined using microspectrophotometry. In control animals, flow decreased from 122±42 to 13±14 ml/min/100 g (mean±SD) in the occluded LAD region. With complement depletion, LAD occlusion resulted in a flow reduction in the ischemic region (38±29 ml/min/100 g), but to a lesser degree than seen in the same region in control animals, especially in the subendocardium. O2 consumption was decreased in the ischemic region of both treatment groups, though O2 consumption was higher in this region in complement depleted animals compared to the values in control animals. The O2 supply/consumption ratio was decreased similarly in the ischemic region of control and complement depleted groups. Thus, with complement depletion, flow to the ischemic zone was improved but this region was still flow restricted. The flow increase during complement depletion was sufficient to allow an increased O2, utilization in the ischemic region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01907053
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