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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of fibroblast growth factor-2 in normal and brachymorphic mouse tibial growth plate and articular cartilage (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 29 (1997), S. 505-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epiphyses of the proximal tibiae of 7-week-old normal and homozygous recessive brachymorphic mice (bm/bm) were immunostained using a monoclonal antibody to basic fibroblast growth factor to determine its expression in growth plate cartilage, osteoblasts on the surfaces of the primary spongiosa and articular cartilage. In the normal growth plate, the immunoreactive factor was present in chondrocytes of the proliferating and upper hypertrophic zones but absent from lower hypertrophic chondrocytes. Immunostaining was present only in the territorial extracellular matrix immediately adjacent to the chondrocytes of the proliferating and upper hypertrophic zones. Osteoblasts of the primary spongiosa stained heavily in normal mice. Strong staining was observed in intermediate zone articular chondrocytes. Cells in the superficial layer of articular cartilage were unstained. The extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage was completely free of immunostaining. In contrast, the reduced size of bm/bm growth plates was accompanied by significantly reduced staining intensity in proliferating and upper hypertrophic chondrocytes, and staining was absent from the territorial extracellular matrix of all zones of the bm/bm growth plate. Osteoblasts of the primary spongiosa of bm/bm mice stained less than those of normal mice. Articular cartilage chondrocytes in the intermediate zone stained with less intensity in bm/bm mice, and the cells of the superficial layer were unstained. The extracellular matrix of bm/bm articular cartilage was completely free of staining. Brachymorphic epiphyseal growth plate and articular chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in the primary spongiosa, express reduced amounts of immunoreactive fibroblast growth factor-2. This phenotypical characteristic may be associated with abnormal endochondral ossification and development of bone in brachymorphic mice
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026415707378
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of histones in epiphyseal chondrocytes (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 195 (1979), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epiphyseal growth plate chondrocyte nuclei of growing rats were studied for histone content using the ammoniacal silver technique. This stain, which is specific for the demonstration of the arginine-rich fractions of histones, revealed that growth plate nuclei vary in their histone content. Nuclei of cells of the proliferating zone revealed a significantly greater amount of postformalin ammoniacal silver deposit consistent with the presence of arginine-rich histones.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091950109
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concomitant analysis of osteoblastlike cell migration and proliferation on a serum-enriched growth surface (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 214 (1986), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Osteoblastlike cell migration and accompanying proliferation on a growth surface precoated with fetal calf serum (FCS) was quantified using a modification of the chemotactic model of Alessandri et al. (1983) and autoradiography. Culture dishes were precoated with 1%, 10%, or 100% FCS and were overlaid with agar. Three-millimeter-diameter wells were cut and first-passage osteoblastlike cells in serum-free medium were seeded into the wells. At 12 and 48 hours, outward migration was quantified by measuring (1) the distance osteoblastlike cells had migrated peripheral to the well margin, and (2) the number of osteoblast-like cells peripheral to the well margin. The data indicated that the migration of osteoblast-like cells was related to time and FCS concentration. More cells migrated a further distance at 48 hours than at 12 hours. In addition, with greater FCS concentrations, osteoblastlike cell migration increased; 3H-thymidine pulse labelling showed no incorporation of label into osteoblastlike cells at 12 hours. However, pulse labelling after 48 hours demonstrated that a small number of nuclei peripheral to the well margin were labelled. The data suggest that proliferation contributes negligibly to the population of osteoblastlike cells peripheral to the well margin. The appearance of osteoblastlike cells peripheral to the well margin is due primarily to migration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092140116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of osteoclasts in resorbing fetal rat bone explants: Effects of PTH and AIF in vitro (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 194 (1979), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Osteoclastic bone resorption was studied using 45Ca-labeled fetal rat bones cultured in the presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and an anti-invasion factor (AIF) derived from bovine hyaline cartilage which is enriched in a collagenase inhibitor. The specific morphological expressions of osteoclasts cultured in PTH and AIF were observed in both light and electron microscopy and analyzed cytometrically. Stimulation of bone resorption with PTH revealed significant increases in the numbers and activity of osteoclasts, whereas bones cultured in the presence of AIF showed significant decreases in numbers of osteoclasts and altered cell features including the loss of osteoclast contact with bone surfaces. These structural modifications were evaluated with 45Ca release data derived from matched-pair explants of fetal rat bones, revealing the existence of a relationship between resorptive states of the cultured bones and morphological expressions of osteoclastic activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091940302
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective histochemical staining of cartilage matrix by RivanolR (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 180 (1974), S. 481-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: RivanolR, a fluorescent ethoxy derivative of acridine, interacts at different pH's with both glycosaminoglycans and proteins. The present study utilizes the specific interaction of RivanolR with acidic substances of the ground substance for histochemical studies of the cartilage matrix. This stain was applied to newborn mouse epiphyseal cartilages which were either unextracted or dissociatively extracted by graded concentrations of guanidinium chloride (GuHCl) from 0.5-3.0 M for four days at 25°C. Routinely prepared sections were then stained (0.1% solution) for two minutes at pH's ranging from 2.2-11.2. Stainability of the interterritorial matrix as well as the inner halo zone and outer corona zone of the lacunar matrix varied with pH. Whereas the interterritorial matrix decreased in stainability with rising pH, the halo and corona persisted in stainability up to pH 10.7. Dissociative extractions using GuHCl revealed the unextractable nature of the inner halo zone as well as the extractable nature of the corona above 1.0 M GuHCl concentration. Anionic sites on polyelectrolytes such as glycosaminoglycans are known to stoichiometrically bind many cationic dyes. The precise localization of stain-reactive glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans in the region of the perichondrocytic matrix by RivanolR supports prior observations using other cationic stains. Our data demonstrates that RivanolR enables one to visualize the unique perichondrocytic matrix which may be interpreted to be both chemically and morphologically a “matrix within a matrix”.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091800307
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicellular tumor spheroid interactions with bone cells and bone (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 213 (1985), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In vitro coculture techniques were used to study HSDM1C1 murine fibrosarcoma multicellular tumor spheroid (HSDM1C1-MTS) interactions with mouse calvarial bone cells having osteoblastic characteristics and mouse bone explants. HSDM1C1-MTS attached to confluent bone cell monolayers and their attachment rate was quantified. HSDM1C1-MTS interaction with bone cells was further demonstrated by the release of 3H-deoxyuridine from prelabeled bone cells during coculture with multicellular tumor spheroids. HSDM1C1-MTS-induced cytotoxicity was mimicked by the addition of 10-5 M prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to 3H-deoxyuridine-labeled bone cells. The effects of low (10-9 M) and high (10-5 M) concentrations of PGE2 on bone cell proliferation were also studied. Higher concentrations of PGE2 inhibited bone cell proliferation. HSDM1C1-MTS resorbed living explants in the presence of indomethacin, suggesting that other tumor cell products may also participate in bone resorption. HSDM1C1-MTS caused direct bone resorption as measured by the significantly elevated release of 45Ca from prelabeled, devitalized calvaria. However, the growth of a confluent bone cell layer on devitalized, 45Ca-prelabeled calvaria resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of 45Ca released subsequent to the seeding of HSDM1C1-MTS onto the explants. Bone cells at the bone surface may act as a barrier against invasion and tumor cell-mediated bone resorption. Violation of this cellular barrier is achieved, in part, by tumor cell products.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092130202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perivascular cells in cartilage canals of the developing mouse epiphysis (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 174 (1985), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Morphological variability among perivascular cells adjacent to cartilage matrix during the elongation of canals through both uncalcified and calcified matrix has not been reported. Cartilage canals were located in distal femoral epiphyses of 5- to 7-day-old mice and identified as vascular channels arising from perichondrial surfaces along the condyles and intercondylar fossae. Three stages of canal development were identified based on the length of canals and on characteristics of chondrocytes and matrix surrounding the canals. Superficial canals terminated in uncalcified matrix of resting cartilage; intermediate canals terminated in matrix containing hypertrophic chondrocytes; deep canals terminated in calcified matrix. The ultrastructural morphology of perivascular cells in contact with the matrix varied in the three stages. Cells resembling fibroblasts and vacuolated macrophages were present adjacent to the uncalcified matrix in superficial canals. At the tips of intermediate canals, cells resembling fibroblasts were larger, contained numerous lysosomes and phagolysosomes, and were in intimate contact with the matrix. At the tips of deep canals, chondroclasts with ruffled borders and clear zones contacted the calcified matrix. The results indicate that (1) mouse epiphyses provide a suitable model for studying cartilage-canal perivascular cells, (2) calcification of cartilage matrix occurs along the course of the canal, and (3) the morphology of perivascular cells in contact with the matrix may be determined, in part, by matrix calcification.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001740203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase in perivascular cells of cartilage canals in the developing mouse epiphysis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 180 (1987), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytochemical localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), tartratc-sensitive acid phosphatases (TSAP), alkaline phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase was used to characterize perivascular cells within cartilage canals. In the distal femoral epiphyses of 5- to 7-day-old mice, three stages of canal development can be distinguished, and at each developmental stage different perivascular cells were present with morphological characteristics of degradative cells. Vacuolated cells resembling macrophages, fibroblastic cells, and chondroclasts were present adjacent to the matrix in superficial, intermediate, and deep canals, respectively. In order to characterize these perivascular cells cytochemically, nonspecific esterase and TSAP staining was used to identify macrophages, alkaline phosphatase staining was used to identify fibroblastic cells, and TRAP staining was used to identify chondroclasts. There were no cells present in the canals at any developmental stage that were positive for TSAP or strongly positive for nonspecific esterase, placing doubt on the identity of the vacuolated cells as macrophages. Alkaline phosohatase-positive perivascular cells were present in the intermediate and deep canals adjacant to matrix containing alkaline phosphatase-positive chondrocytes. These alkaline phosphatase-positive cells were found in the same location within canals as the fibroblastic cells. Tartrate-resislant acid phosphatase was localized in chondroclasts at the tips of deep canals but was not confined exclusively to chondroclasts. Except for the very early stage of canal development prior to chondrocyte hypertrophy, TRAP-positive cells were present at the tips of superficial and intermediate canals as well as at the tips of the deep canals. Additionally, the presence of TRAP in chondrocytes with in the growth plate, in chondrocytes within the epiphyseal cartilage near some canals, and in perichondrial cells suggests that TRAP is associated with matrix degradation in the cartilage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001800304
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