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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 56 (1984), S. 1755-1758 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 24 (1982), S. 111-132 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die thermische Polymerisation eines gehemmten Styrolmonomers wurde durch Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) untersucht. Die durch diese Technik erhaltenen Zeit-Temperatur-Druck-Daten wurden zur Bewertung der mit der industriellen Herstellung von Styrolmonomeren verbundenen thermischen Gefahren verwendet-. Mehrere Beispiele über Deutung und Einsatz von ARC-Daten unter Laboratoriumsbis zu Versuchsbetriebsbedingungen werden gegeben, einschließlich Erörterungen hinsichtlich der Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen ARC und betriebsgemäßen Vorrichtungen. Die Polymerisation des Styrolmonomers wird auch zur Bewertung der Leistung von ARC in einem weiten Temperaturbereich, von 80 bis 300° eingesetzt. Die Daten zeigen, daß die Entfernung der Strahlungsheizvorrichtung eine bessere Übereinstimmung zwischen den durch ARC gemessenen und in der Literatur vorhandenen Werten der Polymerisationswärme von Styrol ergibt. Es wird angenommen, daß dieser Effekt nur unter Bedingungen niedriger Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten während längerer Zeiträume, wie im Falle des Styrolmonomers, beobachtet werden kann.
    Abstract: Резюме С помощью калориметр ии с возростающей скоростью исследова на термическая полимеризация ингиб ированного стирола. П олученные этим методом данные в ремя-температура-дав ление, использованы для опр еделения факторов термическо й опасности при промышленной перера ботке стирола. Предст авлено несколько примеров и нтерпретации и применения этого мет ода в окружающей обст ановке от лабораторных услови й до промышленных масштабов, включая об суждение подобий и различий между обору дованием для калориметрии с возро стающей скоростью и крупномасштабным об орудованием. Полимер изация стирола использован а для оценки действенности этого метода в области темп ератур 80–300°. Опыты показали, чт о удаление источника теплового излучения приводит к лучшему согласию ме жду теплотой полимер изации стирола, измеренной э тим методом и соответствующими ли тературными данными. Считается, что этот эффект будет наблюдаем только для случая низ ких констант скорост ей в течении длительного периода времени, как это имеет место в случ ае стирола.
    Notes: Abstract The thermal polymerization of inhibited styrene monomer is investigated by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC). The time-temperature-pressure data generated by this technique are utilized in evaluating the thermal hazards associated with the industrial processing of styrene monomer. Several examples are given on the interpretation and application of ARC data to environments ranging from lab to plant-scale conditions including discussions concerning the similarities and dissimilarities between the ARC and large-scale equipment. The polymerization of styrene monomer is also used to evaluate the performance of the ARC over a broad temperature range, 80–300°C. The data indicate that removal of the radiant heater assembly yields better agreement between the heat of polymerization of styrene as measured by the ARC and corresponding values from the literature. This effect is believed to be observable only under conditions of low reaction rates for long periods of time such as in the case of styrene monomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 14 (1995), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reactive monomers are a special class of materials used widely in the chemical industry in the production of polymers. Many of these materials are thermally unstable and may polymerize during handling and storage with a release of significant amounts of energy. If this energy is not controlled properly, it can lead to a runaway reaction. Compounding the concern for the stability of monomers is the fact that these materials are typically transported and stored in large volume. The undesired initiation of the polymerization reaction may be caused by a number of factors, including contamination, exposure to extreme environmental conditions, or inhibitor loss. For example, an “unintended” polymerization can result from a seemingly benign procedure such as spill control with common absorbents. These and other factors mean that the reactive chemicals evaluation of monomers presents special problems and concerns which require more detailed experimental design for reliable hazard testing. This paper discusses the practical aspects of reactive chemicals testing strategies for monomers and rules-of-thumb for monomer inhibition, compatibility, spill control, and so-called quenching (also called short-stopping) agents. The techniques discussed range from simple “age and observe” type tests to more sophisticated heat flux calorimetry evaluations. We also discuss the more routine application of Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Accelerating Rate Calorimetry to monomers. Vent sizing applications with the VSP device are also presented with emphasis on total containment during a runaway.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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