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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; incidence ; blood glucose ; body mass index ; percent desirable weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of diabetes mellitus in Sweden in the 15–34 year age group was prospectively studied on a nationwide basis, beginning 1 January 1983. A total of 1,214 male and 720 female cases of newly-diagnosed (excluding gestational) diabetes were reported over a 5-year period. This corresponds to an incidence of 20.5 per 100,000/year in male subjects and 12.7 per 100,000/year in female subjects. Most cases were classified as Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, with an incidence of 15.9 in males and 8.6 in females. The incidence of Type 1 diabetes decreased gradually with age, while the incidence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes increased. A male predominance was found in all age groups, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8∶1 for Type 1 diabetes and 1.3∶1 for Type 2 diabetes. Maximum blood glucose concentration at diagnosis was significantly higher in males than in females in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic subjects. In contrast, the percent desirable weight was significantly higher in females, both in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic subjects. The difference in diabetes incidence therefore cannot be attributed to any methodological error. The present finding of a marked male predominance after puberty in Type 1 diabetes in an ethnically quite homogeneous population supports the hypothesis that environmental risk factors and life-style are important for the development of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Glucokinase ; HNF-1 ; HNF-4 ; MODY ; MIDD ; genetics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To investigate the contribution of mutations in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and mitochondrial genes to early-onset diabetes with a strong family history of diabetes in a cohort with a high prevalence of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Methods. Screening for sequence variants in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)–4 α (MODY1), glucokinase (MODY2), HNF-1 α (MODY3) genes and mitochondrial DNA was carried out in 115 Finnish and Swedish patients with early-onset ( ≤ 40 years) diabetes using the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique and direct sequencing. Allele frequencies were compared with 118 patients with onset of diabetes Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus after the age of 40 and 92 non–diabetic control subjects without a family history of diabetes. Results. In total 52 sequence variants were found in the HNF-1α, HNF-4α and glucokinase genes, 12 of which were considered as MODY mutations. Three families had the A3243G mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA Leu gene, which resulted in an overall prevalence of these mutations of 13 %. Conclusion/interpretation. Among 115 Scandinavian families, mutations in the HNF-1α gene represented the most common cause of familial early-onset ( ≤ 40 years) diabetes: MODY3 (5.2 %) more than MODY2 (3.5 %) more than MIDD (2.6 %) more than MODY1 (1.7 %). [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1131–1137]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 4 (1994), S. 452-457 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MRI ; Amyloidosis ; Relaxation times ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of chemotherapy on subjects with primary amyloidosis (AL-amyloidosis) were studied with MRI in five patients. The MRI was performed every 3–5 months for 23–60 months, and the T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined in liver and subcutaneous fat. In the patients as a whole T1 was significantly prolonged (P 〈 0.05), whereas T2 was within normal range. On follow-up with repeated MRI increasing T1 values could be measured in progressive disease (one patient) whereas decreasing T1 values seemed to parallel clinical improvements in four patients. The effect of different treatment schedules in AL-amyloidosis may be evaluated with MRI and the amount of amyloid deposits may be quantified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 309-313 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; hypertension ; therapeutic window ; steady state concentration ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiovascular effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonidine was given orally as monotherapy in increasing daily doses from 3.1 to 25.7 µg/kg to patients with essential hypertension (n=6). When a steady state concentration in plasma was reached at each dose level, the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured during a dosage interval. Effect time — plasma concentration data were submitted to nonlinear regression analysis, which showed that the observed BP effects could be dissociated into depressor and pressor components. A window for the antihypertensive effect was established. At a plasma clonidine concentration of 0.65±0.07 ng/ml 50% of the maximal depressor effect was found, and it was only separated by a factor of 2 from the half maximal pure pressor concentration in plasma. No relationship between the change in heart rate and the plasma clonidine was observed. The findings strengthen the importance of close monitoring of clonidine therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 43 (1973), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 182 (1980), S. 262-266 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 182 (1980), S. 478-481 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: quality of life ; diabetes mellitus ; metabolic control ; late complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate important factors with respect to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with longstanding insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a patient cohort was followed prospectively for 10 years. The degree of metabolic control and the presence of late complications was assessed and HRQOL was measured with a 61-item questionnaire (SWEDQUAL) in which reference values have been obtained in a population sample. The results indicate that diabetic patients (n=108) experienced a quality of life as good as a general population. When patients were divided into four groups based on metabolic control, those with poor control (HbA1c≥9%) rated their physical and emotional functioning significantly lower than those with lower HbA1c values. Nearly 15% of the patients reported 1–5 hypoglycaemic episodes during the latest 6 months. Despite a lower HbA1c they rated their general health as being poorer than patients without severe hypoglycaemia. Of the 108 patients 39% appeared to be free from late complications of diabetes. These patients rated their general health as better than patients who already had developed late complications. We conclude that a satisfactory metabolic control with a minimum of hypoglycaemic episodes is desirable not only to prevent late complications but also because poor metabolic control seems to be one reason why diabetic patients experience a poorer quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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