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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere (1972)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 95 (1972), S. 163-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports. The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878865
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the development of baroclinic waves influenced by friction and heating (1967)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 68 (1967), S. 131-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of surface skin friction and a specific type of heating on the stability of baroclinic waves in a two-level, quasi-geostrophic model is investigated. It is found that the effect of friction alone changes the neutral stability curve in such a way that a broader band of wavelengths are unstable for a given value of the vertical windshear. The neutral stability curve is independent of the intensity of friction in this case. The effect of heating is to make all waves longer than a certain critical wave length unstable, but the amplification rate is very small for large values of the wavelength. The combined effect of friction and heating will in general tend to stabilize the waves. The amplification rate is investigated in all cases. Numerical integrations of the linearized equations show that the flow in the stable case will reach a steady state characterized by vanishing dissipation and heat transport, but with a certain wave length dependent ratio between the kinetic energy of the vertical shear flow and the vertical mean flow. It is shown that this ratio can be predicted from the steady state solutions in the adiabatic, frictionless case. A comparison is made between the predictions of the energetics of the waves in the model and observational studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874891
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear studies of quasi-geostrophic systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 77 (1994), S. 33-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2789
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2789(94)90126-0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric predictability on various scales (1976)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 63 (1976), S. 506-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596846
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vorticity, divergence, and vertical velocity in a baroclinic boundary layer with a linear variation of the geostrophic wind (1974)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 6 (1974), S. 459-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Ekman-Taylor problem for the planetary boundary layer is solved in the case of a thermal wind which varies linearly with height. The upper boundary condition is a vanishing ageostrophic wind, while the lower boundary condition is continuity of the stress vector across the interface between the planetary boundary layer and the surface layer. The latter condition is used to determine the magnitude and the direction of the wind at the bottom of the Ekman layer. Theoretical hodographs are compared with observed hodographs based on five years of ohservations from Ship N in the Pacific, giving fair agreement. The divergence, the vorticity, and the vertical velocity are calculated through the Ekman layer with emphasis on differences between the classical barotropic and the baroclinic cases; these differences are significant, especially in the vertical velocities as compared to the standard approximation. An extension of the present study to include thermal stratification is desirable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02137679
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Greenhouse Effect, Yes or No? A Scientific Evaluation (1999)
    Springer
    Water resources management 13 (1999), S. 59-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: greenhouse effect ; limited predictability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The concept of limited predictability is reviewed followed by simple examples illustrating the sensitivity to small changes in the initial state and/or the forcing of a nonlinear system. Limited predictability applies to almost all nonlinear systems, and the concept is therefore important to geophysical systems governed by nonlinear model equations. The limited predictability determines the upper limit to operational weather forecasts, but it will also be demonstrated that it has an impact on the determination of the effect of changes in the forcing of the system. The general strategy applied by researchers to estimate the atmospheric greenhouse effect is reviewed. It will be demonstrated that the adopted strategy, due to prescribed changes in the forcing of the climate system, is also influenced by limited predictability in the sense that predicted changes are much larger than observed changes in the temperatures at the surface of the Earth. It is therefore very unlikely that the predictions are reliable. The inclusion of the sulphuraerosol effect is also discussed with the conclusion that although these cooling agents reduce greenhouse warming, they do not behave as expected in the sulphurrich and sulphurpoor regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008085132487
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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