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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The urge to smoke depends on the expectation of smoking (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 97 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims An earlier study (Dols et al. 2000) suggested that cue-induced urge to smoke depends on the expectation of smoking. The present study tried to replicate the findings under stringently controlled conditions.Design A 2 (context) × 2 (cues) × 6 (trial) within-subject design. Each smoker entered two different contexts; one context predicted the future occurrence of smoking (i.e. one puff of a cigarette) and one context predicted the non-occurrence of smoking. In each context smokers were exposed to smoking cues (i.e. cigarettes and lighter) or not.Setting Laboratory at Maastricht University.Participants Thirty-two daily smokers, smoking at least five cigarettes a day for at least 2 years.Measurements. Participants reported their urge to smoke in each context in the presence and absence of smoking cues using a computerized visual analogue scale (VAS).Findings The results revealed that the urge to smoke was higher in a context in which smoking was expected relative to a context in which it was not expected. As in the previous study the urge-inducing effect of smoking cues was larger in the smoking context than in the non-smoking context. Moreover, smoking cues did not have a significant effect in the non-smoking context.Conclusions It was shown that smoking cues elicit craving due mainly to a generated expectation of the occurrence of smoking and less due to salience or long history of associative learning. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00010.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the support of block idempotents (1994)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 62 (1994), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200433
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of haemodialysis and haemofiltration on the clearance of Torasemide in renal failure (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: torasemide ; renal failure ; haemodynamics ; clearance ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentration of Torasemide in plasma, dialysate and ultrafiltrate were determined during one haemofiltration and three dialyses. Results show that Torasemide is not significantly eliminated from the blood by these technics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541468
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of ozone depletion on skin cancer incidence: An assessment of the Netherlands and Australia (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 1 (1996), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: Ozone depletion ; skin cancer ; integrated assessment model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Evidence indicates that the concentration of stratospheric ozone has already decreased globally over the past several years and additional decreases are to be expected over the coming decades. A further depletion of the ozone layer would lead to an increase in the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. One of the adverse effects of particularly UV-B radiation on human health would be an increase in the incidence of skin cancer. In this study an integrated model is presented to assist in assessing the changes in skin cancer incidences in relation to changes in the amount of stratospheric ozone, for the Netherlands and Australia. Although surrounded by large uncertainties, model results show that, in view of the several delay mechanisms and, additionally, the ageing of the population, future increases in skin cancer incidence cannot be reversed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872152
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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