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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF 9-YEAR-OLD BOYS WITH GENERAL READING BACKWARDNESS OR SPECIFIC READING RETARDATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 26 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract— In 1975 Rutter and Yule distinguished between ‘specific reading retardation’ and ‘general reading backwardness’. In a sample of 952 9-year-olds from Dunedin, New Zealand, 4.2% were identified as specific reading retarded and 4.1% as having general reading backwardness. Boys from each problem group were compared with boys without reading delay. General reading backwardness was associated with a history of long-term cognitive and motor delay. Specific reading retardation was only associated with lower verbal IQ and poor speech articulation. A number of differences between the findings of Rutter and Yule and the present results were noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01942.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reading Attainment and Juvenile Delinquency (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 35 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Structural equation modelling was used with data from a longitudinal study of child development (N= 698) to examine relationships between early reading attainment and antisocial behaviour at ages 7 and 9 years and subsequent reading and delinquent behaviour in adolescence. While reading, analysed as a continuous variable, did not directly influence later delinquency, antisocial behaviour during the early school years was strongly predictive of delinquency at age 15 years. particularly for boys, and had a detrimental effect on reading. These findings were independent of social disadvantage, and were unchanged by adjusting reading scores for IQ. Reading disability at 9 years old, however, predicted conduct disorder at age l5 in boys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01733.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC READING RETARDATION, GENERAL READING BACKWARDNESS AND BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF DUNEDIN BOYS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY FROM FIVE TO ELEVEN YEARS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 27 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Parent and teacher reports of behaviour problems were obtained at ages 5, 7, 9 and 11 years for three groups of boys: specific reading retarded (N= 18), general reading backward (N= 22), and those with no severe reading disability (N= 436). At school entry, both groups of reading disabled boys were reported as having more behaviour problems, and the level of problems increased during their early school years. The results suggest that behaviour problems pre-date reading disability, while reading failure further exacerbates the existing problem behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00185.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RUTTER SCALE FOR COMPLETION BY TEACHERS: FACTOR STRUCTURE AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND FAMILY ADVERSITY FOR A SAMPLE OF NEW ZEALAND CHILDREN (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 26 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: A large sample of 7-year-old children (n - 940) was rated by teachers using the Rutter Child Scale B, a 26-item questionnaire covering a variety of behavioural problems. A factor analysis of the data revealed three main factors of interest, identified as aggressiveness, hyperactivity and anxiety-fearfulness. Measures based upon these factors had a reasonably high level of reliability and were moderately stable over a 2-year interval. An analysis of the relationship between these three behavioural measures and some cognitive measures indicated that only hyperactivity was negatively associated with cognitive ability. However, both hyperactivity and aggressiveness were related to adversity in the child's family background. The findings suggest the usefulness of distinguishing between aggressive and hyperactive dimensions of behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00587.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMS IN A POPULATION OF SEVEN-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: PREVALENCE, STABILITY AND TYPES OF DISORDER—A RESEARCH REPORT (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00147.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The long-term significance of teacher-rated hyperactivity and reading ability in childhood: findings from two longitudinal studies (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishers
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: The aims of this study were twofold: first, to examine behavioural and academic outcomes of children with hyperactivity, using data from two longitudinal studies; and second, to examine comparable psychosocial outcomes for children with early reading difficulties. Methods: Measures of teacher-rated persistent hyperactivity, and reading ability obtained during early primary school were available for children from the Australian Temperament Project and the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Both samples were followed up to assess behavioural and academic outcomes during the adolescent and early adult years. Family background, antisocial behaviour and literacy were controlled in the first set of analyses to examine the influence of early hyperactivity. Results: There were strong linear relationships between early hyperactivity and later adverse outcomes. Adjustment for other childhood variables suggested that early hyperactivity was associated with continuing school difficulties, problems with attention and poor reading in adolescence. Early reading difficulties, after controlling for early hyperactivity, predicted continuing reading problems in high school and leaving school with no qualifications. Conclusions: The findings suggest that there are dual pathways from early inattentive behaviours to later inattention and reading problems, and from early reading difficulties to substantial impairments in later academic outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PERINATAL, NEUROLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVEN-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN WITH STABLE BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMS (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00173.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BLOOD LEAD, INTELLIGENCE, READING ATTAINMENT, AND BEHAVIOUR IN ELEVEN YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 29 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A study of blood lead levels and intelligence, reading, and behaviour problems was carried out using a sample of 579 Dunedin 11-yr-old children. The results suggested that when account was taken of social, environmental, and background factors, raised blood lead is associated with a small but statistically significant increase in children's general behaviour problems as reported by both parents and teachers. These results applied especially to the more specific problems of inattention and hyperactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00687.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpreting incidence trends for treated end-stage renal disease: Implications for evaluating disease control in Australia (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Five sources of change modify trends in incidence of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD): (i) demography; (ii) disease control, comprising prevention and treatment of progressive kidney disease; (iii) competing risks, which encompass dying from untreated uraemia or non-renal comorbidity; (iv) lead-time bias; and (v) classification bias. Thus, rising crude incidence of treated ESRD may conceal effective disease control when there has been demographic change, lessening competing risks, or the introduction of bias.Methods:  Age-specific incidences of treated ESRD in Australia were calculated from Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry data by indigenous/non-indigenous status (all causes) and by primary renal disease (non-indigenous only) for two successive decades, 1982–1991 and 1992–2001.Results:  We postulate that less competing risks explained much of the increase in treated ESRD in the elderly and Indigenous Australians. The increase in glomerulonephritic ESRD in non-indigenous Australians could be ascribed mainly to immigration from non-European countries. There was no significant change in incidence of treated ESRD in Indigenous or non-indigenous persons aged less than 25 years, in non-indigenous persons aged 25–64 years for ESRD caused by hereditary polycystic disease or hypertension, or in type 1 diabetics aged over 55 years. End-stage renal disease from analgesic nephropathy had declined. The increase in treated ESRD caused by type 2 diabetic nephropathy appeared to be multifactorial. Lead-time/length bias and less competing risks may have concealed a small favourable trend in other primary renal diseases.Conclusion:  Whether recent disease control measures have had an impact on incidence of treated ESRD is not yet certain, but seems more likely than implied by previous reports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2004.00259.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is mental health in childhood a major predictor of smoking in adolescence? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing Limited
    Addiction 93 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims. To test an extended version of Pomerleau's (1997) hypothesis that children with mental health problems are at higher risk of smoking in preadolescence and adolescence. Design. Information concerning mental health from 5 to 13 years, smoking at ages 11 and 15, and family disadvantage at age 7 was available for 773 children enrolled in a longitudinal study of children and adolescents. Participants. Participants were enrolled into the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, which is a longitudinal investigation of the health, development and behaviour of a large group of New Zealand children born between 1 April 1972 and 31 March 1973. Measurements. Assessment of mental health problems in childhood was based upon parent and teacher reports of behavioural and emotional problems. In pre-adolescence, mental health was assessed by self, parent and teacher report. Smoking was assessed by self-report. Findings. None of the potential risk factors of gender, childhood disadvantage or childhood mental health problems predicted onset of smoking in pre-adolescence. Daily smoking at age 15 was best predicted by smoking in preadolescence, being female and experiencing childhood disadvantage. Pre-adolescent mental health was only weakly predictive of later smoking and this association appeared to be confounded with background disadvantage. Conclusions. We found little support for the extension of Pomerleau's (1997) hypothesis to childhood mental health. Our findings also run counter to recent suggestions for targeting smoking prevention at groups of children with mental health disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9312186912.x
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