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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium following intravenous and oral administration (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diclofenac ; plasma levels ; intravenous bolus administration ; oral administration ; enteric coating ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac were examined following single rapid intravenous injection and also following single oral doses to healthy female volunteers. After intravenous injection plasma levels of diclofenac fell rapidly and were below the limits of detection at 5.5 h postdosing. Individual drug profiles were described by a triexponential function and mean half-lives of the three exponential phases were 0.05, 0.26 and 1.1 h. After oral doses of enteric-coated tablets, the lag time between dosing and the appearance of drug in plasma varied between 1.0 and 4.5 h. However once drug absorption had commenced similar plasma drug profiles were obtained in different individuals. Peak plasma diclofenac levels ranged from 1.4 to 3.0 µg · ml−1. The mean terminal drug half-life in plasma was 1.8 h after oral doses. This value was not significantly greater than the value of 1.1 h following intravenous doses. Fifty percent of orally dosed diclofenac did not reach the systemic circulation due, predominantly, to first-pass metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568201
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of food on the absorption of diclofenac after single and multiple oral doses (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diclofenac sodium ; enteric-coating ; food ; absorption ; plasma levels ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single dose of enteric-coated diclofenac sodium was taken fasting and immediately after a standard breakfast by twelve healthy volunteers. A considerable delay in the onset of absorption was observed, non-fasting, varying from 2.5 to 12 h compared with 1.5 to 2.75 h when fasting. Peak plasma concentrations were reduced after food but areas under plasma concentration-time curves were comparable. Six subjects then took part in a study involving single and repeated dosing under fasting and non-fasting conditions. As before, prolonged and variable delays were observed when the enteric-coated tablets were taken after food. On repeated dosing, maximum plasma concentrations were reached after 6 h non-fasting compared with 2.5 h fasting. Peak plasma levels were, however, similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558380
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of food on the absorption of diclofenac as determined by the urinary excretion of the unchanged drug and its major metabolites during chronic administration (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diclofenac ; metabolites ; urinary excretion ; food ; absorption ; chronic administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six healthy subjects took diclofenac as an enteric-coated preparation twice daily for 17 days under the following conditions: (i) fasting, (ii) 15 min before a meal, and (iii) immediately after a meal. Urine specimens were collected on two separate days of each regimen and diclofenac and its total monohydroxylated metabolites measured. Statistical analysis of the excretion of diclofenac and its metabolites showed that, during chronic administration, absorption was not significantly influenced by dosing before or after food. The absorption pattern after both these modes of administration was comparable to that obtained under fasting conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558382
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the effect of aspirin on the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous diclofenac sodium (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diclofenac ; acetyl salicylic acid ; intravenous bolus administration ; oral administration ; interaction ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that aspirin interacts with orally administered diclofenac sodium, causing reduced peak concentrations, lower levels and decreased areas under curves. In this study, diclofenac sodium was administered orally and intravenously with and without aspirin, to 6 healthy female volunteers. After intravenous dosing both plasma levels and areas under curves were significantly reduced although none of the rate constants was affected. The volume of distribution of diclofenac was increased as was the plasma clearance. Oral administration with aspirin also resulted in lower plasma levels, particularly peak levels, and areas under curves. Comparison of AUC's for both modes of administration with and without aspirin suggested that lower levels after oral administration were not due to impaired absorption. These observations are best explained by decreased protein binding and increased biliary excretion of diclofenac in the presence of salicylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00636795
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium in patients with active rheumatoid disease (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diclofenac sodium ; rheumatoid disease ; healthy subjects ; serum albumin ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pharmacokinetic data for diclofenac sodium has been well established in healthy volunteers, whereas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis very little information is available in the literature. A single oral dose of enteric-coated diclofenac sodium was given to 10 patients with active rheumatoid disease, adopting the same procedures used for a group of 10 healthy volunteers in whom pharmacokinetic data was already available. Plasma specimens were collected over a period of 8h following administration and concentrations of diclofenac determined by GLC. Resulting plasma concentration curves were similar to those obtained in the healthy subjects in that areas under curves and terminal half-lives were comparable. However, peak concentrations of diclofenac were significantly reduced in the rheumatoid patients. The lower peak concentrations were correlated with the lower serum albumin levels in the patients which are associated with active rheumatoid disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637622
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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