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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a Nonhistone Protein and a Possible Activator of Transcription in Neurons (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Mr 35,000 (35K protein) was isolated from calf cerebral cortex by affinity chromatography on immobilized double-stranded and single-stranded DNA. Its localization in the nuclear compartment was demonstrated by im-munohistochemistry. Previous studies had uncovered a homologous nonhistone chromosomal protein in the nuclei of rat cerebral cortex neurons, cerebellar neurons, oligodendrocytes, and liver cells. The rat protein accumulated in the nuclear compartment of neurons in exact temporal coincidence with the arrest of cell division and the initiation of terminal differentiation. Therefore, in the present work, the 35K protein was tested for an activating role in RNA transcription. During the course of this study we became aware that the 35K protein was identical to a glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phos-phate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12). When authentic GAPDH from rabbit skeletal muscle was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, it greatly stimulated RNA polymerase II transcription, whereas the 35K protein from caif brain did not. This apparent discrepancy was partially resolved by the finding that rabbit muscle GAPDH could be fractionated into two components by affinity chromatography on single-stranded DNA cellulose. Only 5% of the applied protein was retained on the column and could be eluted with a shallow salt gradient identical to the one used for the isolation of the 35K protein. This single-stranded DNA-binding component of rabbit muscle GAPDH did not stimulate transcription. Apparently, the 35K protein from calf brain corresponded to this single-stranded DNA-binding subfrac-tion, which explained its failure to activate transcription. So far, we have not been able to isolate the activating factor from calf brain but suggest that the temporal coincidence between the accumulation of GAPDH in rat neu-ronal nuclei during differentiation and the concomitant increase in transcriptional activity may not be fortuitous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb02830.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neonatal porcine lung: Ultrastructural morphology and postnatal development of the terminal airways and alveolar region (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 210 (1984), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Morphology and postnatal development of the porcine lung are described in animals ranging in age from newborn through 60 days. Standardized fixation was accomplished by intratracheal instillation of glutaraldehyde under constant pressure. Light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic investigations revealed that the porcine lung follows the common architecture of mammalian lungs, but has certain peculiarities as well: intravascular macrophages, ultrastructurally similar to Kupffer cells, are attached to endothelial cells in pulmonary capillaries and are involved in erythrophagocytosis during the first postnatal weeks. Type II pneumocytes of newborn pigs exhibit signs of cell activation, mainly complex nuclear bodies in the cell nuclei. At the same time high levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids are observed in the newborn blood plasma. Terminal airways of the porcine lung are nonalveloarized and are, therefore, of purely conductive function.At birth the porcine lung exhibits a high degree of maturity, and thickwalled primary saccules, as described in newborn rodents, are not seen. Septa appear straight and smooth, owing to rare ramification. Septal buds are discernible, and two capillary networks visible on both sides of septal cross sections are seen. Further subdivision of the airspaces occurs in the first two postnatal weeks. Precociousness and fast postnatal growth of the porcine species are assumed to be the reason of this advanced degree of lung maturity at birth and the following rapid pulmonary development.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092100205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometry of postnatal development in the porcine lung (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 211 (1985), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alveolar regions of normal pig lungs (newborn to 60-day-old) were characterized morphometrically to provide a basis for comparison in future investigations of porcine respiratory diseases. Endotracheal installation of fixative was done to expand the lungs uniformly at total capacity. Differential effects of lobar variations were determined by stratified random sampling of lung lobes. A stereologic study was done by point and intersection counts on electron micrographs. At birth, the lungs were remarkably well developed. Relative alveolar and capillary surface densities and air-blood tissue barrier thicknesses were at adult levels. In allometric regressions, volumes and surfaces of lung components regressed directly to lung volume, but monoexponentially (to the 3/4 power) with body weight. In the first postnatal week, however, relative volume densities of cellular interstitium in septal tissue and of capillary lumina in parenchyma increased at statistically significant levels. Composition of lung parenchyma and septa was changed, although without statistically significant direct impact on parameters related to gas exchange. Type II pneumocytes had increased nuclear to cytoplasmic volume ratios in 7- to 14-day-old pigs, probably reflecting cell activation and increased surfactant production. Age (postnatal lung growth) created the most substantial variance of results; interanimal variation in pigs of the same age was less important and no consistent lobar variations were seen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092110409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary intravascular macrophages in domestic animal species: Review of structural and functional properties (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 181 (1988), S. 217-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In dogs, laboratory animals, and man, the clearance of bacteria and participates from blood occurs predominantly in hepatic Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages. In contrast, removal of blood-borne particulates in calves, sheep, goats, cats, and pigs occurs predominantly in pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs). Review of recent studies indicates that PIMs are a resident cell population, junctionally adherent to the capillary endothelium of lungs and morphologically similar to hepatic Kupffer cells. PIMs are a pulmonary constituent of the mononuclear phagocyte system with respect to secretory, endocytic, and functional properties. Differentiated PIMs are rare in newborn pigs, and the majority of cells closely apposed to capillary endothelium consists of monocytes, which are occasionally in mitosis. In 7-day-old and older pigs, most cells apposed to capillary endothelium have characteristics of differentiated PIMs. This suggests a monocytic origin of PIMs in pigs. Perinatal colonization of lung capillaries by monocytes and their subsequent differentation into PIMs represent a component of postnatal lung development. Estimates of relative PIM numbers in ovine and porcine lung parenchyma suggest cell densities similar to that of rat hepatic Kupffer cells. Apart from phagocytic properties, PIMs participate in the removal and disintegration of aged and impaired blood cells. After phagocytic stimulation, isolated PIMs secrete oxygen radicals, which are essential for microbicidal function. Similarly, by secreting bioactive lipids, stimulated PIMs may contribute to regulation of pulmonary hemodynamics. After receiving minute amounts of bacterial endotoxin, pulmonary injury is pronounced in sheep, calves, pigs, and cats, but not in laboratory animals and dogs. This presumably is related to the secretion of bioactive lipids by PIMs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001810302
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