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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infektionen der Atemwege mit Pseudomonas aeruginosa bei der Cystischen Fibrose (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 490-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Respiratory-tract infection ; Virulence factors ; Host defense mechanisms ; Antibiotic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The main cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is progressive pulmonary insufficiency frequently associated with chronic infections of the respiratory tract by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacteria of this species synthesize numerous extracellular products contributing to its pathogenicity. An alginate-like exopolysaccharide is characteristic for mucoid mutants predominating among P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients. It interferes with immune defense mechanisms of the host and probably protects the bacteria against certain antibiotics. Furthermore, it is involved in the formation of bacterial microcolonies that resist mucociliary clearance, opsonisation, and phagocytosis. Exotoxin A and elastase are regarded as the most important among various extracellular enzymes involved in pulmonary injury in CF patients. Exotoxin A inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis leading to necrosis; elastase, together with other Pseudomonas-proteases, induces hemorrhagic lesions and necrosis and seems to inactivate immunoglobulins and complement factors. Phospholipase C and glycolipid represent two hemolysins of P. aeruginosa that may contribute to cytopathogenic effects in infected lungs. No primary defect in the immunological defense mechanisms of CF patients has been described so far. Antibodies against various P. aeruginosa antigens including those mentioned above have been demonstrated, but a complete elimination of the bacteria from infected lungs has not been observed. Therapy of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients usually includes combinations of antibiotics of theβ-lactam and aminoglycoside type. Difficulties arise from an unusually high intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa as well as from poor penetration of many antibiotics into the sputum of CF patients. Therefore, future efforts to manage the Pseudomonas problem in CF will probably concentrate on prophylactic therapy, e.g. childhood vaccination of CF patients in order to prevent bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01747978
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutants of Serratia marcescens lacking cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity and requiring cyclic 3′,5′-AMP for the utilization of various carbohydrates (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phosphodiesterase ; Adenylate Cyclase ; Cyclic AMP ; Serratia marcescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adenine requiring mutants of Serratia marcescens SM-6-F'lac + have been found to grow well in minimal-glucose medium solely supplemented with cAMP. From one of these ade strains double mutants (called ade cpd) were isolated which could no longer utilize cAMP but which still grew on 5′AMP. Dialyzed cell extracts (soluble fraction) of the double mutants, assayed for cAMP phosphodiesterase, were unable to hydrolyze cAMP whereas cell extracts of the parental strains yielded 5′AMP at a rate of 1.6–2.0 μmoles min−1 mg−1 protein. The loss of the phosphodiesterase activity in S. marcescens cpd W1181 did not cause an accumulation of large amounts of cAMP as was found for the diesterase-negative mutant AB257pc-1 of Escherichia coli. The induced synthesis of β-galactosidase in mutant cpd W 1181 showed about the same sensitivity to transient and permanent catabolite (glucose) repression as the corresponding cpd + strain. Starting from S. marcescens cpd W1181 three independent double mutants (called cpd cya) were isolated which required exogenous cAMP for utilizing various carbohydrates as carbon source, for motility and for the formation of extracellular lipase and the red pigment prodigiosine. The intracellular concentration of cAMP in these mutants, grown in nutrient broth, was 40–60% of that of the parental strain which is about 4×10−4 M. However, the adenylate cyclase in cell extracts of the mutants W1237 and W1270 was like that of the corresponding cya + strain (about 2×10−2 μmoles min−1 mg−1 protein).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of an alginate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 302-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Klebsiella aerogenes ; Alginate ; Alginate lyase ; Purification ; Characterization ; Mannuronan C-5 epimerase assay ; Mucoid ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes (type 25) produced an inducible alginate lyase, whose major activity was located intracellularly during all growth phases. The enzyme was purified from the soluble fraction of sonicated cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion- and cation-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The apparent molecular weight of purified alginate lyase of 28,000 determined by gel filtration and of 31,600 determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the active enzyme was composed of a single polypeptide. The alginate lyase displayed a pH optimum around 7.0 and a temperature optimum around 37°C. The purified enzyme depolymerized alginate by a lyase reaction in an endo manner releasing products which reacted in the thiobarbituric acid assay and absorbed strongly in the ultraviolet region at 235 nm. The alginate lyase was specific for guluronic acidrich alginate preparations. Propylene glycol esters of alginate and O-acetylated bacterial alginates were poorly degraded by the lyase compared with unmodified polysaccharide. The guluronate-specific lyase activity was applied in an enzymatic method to detect mannuronan C-5 epimerase in three different mucoid (alginate-synthesizing) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This enzyme which converts polymannuronate to alginate could not be demonstrated either extracellularly or intracellularly in all strains suggesting the absence of a polymannuronate-modifying enzyme in P. aeruginosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409667
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pleiotropic consequences of mutations towards antibiotic-hypersensitivity in Serratia marcescens (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Serratia marcescens ; Antibiotics, hypersensitivity to ; Membranes, bacterial ; Enzymes, extracellular ; Lipase, extracellular ; Mutation, pleiotropic ; Proteins, outer membrane ; Detergents, lysis by ; Pectin ; Glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various mutants (oxa s ) were isolated from Serratia marcescens SM-6 by selecting for hypersensitivity towards oxacillin. All mutants found are highly pleiotropic and able to yield spontaneous revertants which behave like the wild-type. Mutant W 1421 mostly studied shows the following phenotypic properties not found in the wild-type: (1) The growth is hypersensitive to various antibiotics, detergents and dyes which differ remarkably in their chemical structure and antibacterial action-mechanism, (2) the cells can be easily solubilized by 0.05% Sodium-dodecylsulfate, (3) the cells allow the adsorption of the roughmutant specific Salmonella phage 6SR, (4) strong cellular binding of crystal violet, (5) agglutination of the cells in 0.3% auramin solution and (6) reduced formation of red pigment. Strain W 1421 is assumed to be a lipopolysaccharide-defective mutant. The outer membrane of mutant W 1421 analyzed by Sodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis possesses a single protein less than that of the wild-type. Mutant W 1421 is further characterized by its low exolipase activity; exoprotease and exonuclease activities are as in the wild-type. This specific exoenzyme deficiency can be overcome either by backmutation to oxacillin-resistance or by growing mutant W 1421 in a medium supplemented with certain non-metabolizable polysaccharides, e.g. glycogen or pectin B. Both polysaccharides increase the exolipase activity of the wild-type too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417849
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxed mutants ofSerratia marcescens SM-6. Biochemical traits and relevance of therel + allele for the formation of exoenzymes (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Enzymes, extracellular ; Escherichia coli ; Guanosine tetra-pentaphosphate ; Lipase, extracellular ; Nuclease, extracellular ; Protease, extracellular ; Regulation of RNA synthesis ; Regulation of exoenzyme formation ; RNA-control ; Stringent and relaxed ; Serratia marcescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Serratia marcescens SM-6 when starved for a required amino acid stops synthesizing protein and RNA and accumulates two nucleotides which cochromatograph with ppGpp and pppGpp. These features are characteristic of bacterial strains with stringent RNA control (rel +). Two independent mutants were isolated which resemble relaxed (relA) mutants ofEscherichia coli; they continue to synthesize RNA and accumulate neither ppGpp nor pppGpp when deprived of the required amino acid. The extracellular enzyme activities (nuclease, protease, lipase) of the relaxed mutants are about the same as those of the parental stringent strain when studied under standard growth conditions. Exoenzyme-deficient (nuc; prt) and exoenzyme-hyperproducing (nuc su) mutants were isolated from both stringent and relaxed strains ofS. marcences SM-6 and no change of the cellular ability to form ppGpp and pppGpp could be observed. From these results it appears that the formation of exoenzymes ofS. marcescens SM-6 is independent of stringent/relaxed RNA control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689984
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High frequency oscillatory ventilation near resonant frequency of the respiratory system in rabbits with normal and surfactant depleted lungs (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 671-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: High frequency ventilation ; Resonant frequency ; Surfactant deficiency ; Blood gases ; Lung mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFV) might improve gas exchange and reduce the risk of pressure-related side-effects compared to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Whereas most studies have used arbitrarily set frequencies for HFV, we evaluated the effects of HFV near resonant frequency (fr). Anaesthetised and tracheotomised adult rabbits (n=10; 3.8–5.1 kg body weight) were ventilated by alternating periods of CMV and HFV near fr. Negative ventilator resistance was used for complete resistive unloading of the respiratory system before each HFV period. This enabled a continuous swinging at resonance thus allowing measurement of fr and selection of exactly that frequency for the HFV run. Intra-animal CMV-HFV comparisons (n=4) were performed on each animal: with healthy lungs at a mean airway pressure (MAP) of 0.5 kPa and after saline lung lavage at MAPs of 〈1.5 kPa; 1.5–1.8 kPa; 〉1.8 kPa. Surfactant removal caused total respiratory system compliance (Ctot) to decrease from 44±5 to 22±3 ml/kPa. Corresponding fr was 244±48 and 360±30 min−1, respectively. HFV produced effective pulmonary gas exchange but did not improve arterial oxygenation in comparison with CMV at matched MAPs both before and after surfactant depletion. Volume amplitudes of oscillation necessary to achieve normocapnia were slightly above the natural plus equipment (2 ml) dead space. Maximum intra-alveolar pressure (Pmax) was calculated for the HFV runs from MAP, Ctot, and the volume amplitude of oscillation. Pmax during CMV was nearly twice that during HFV at equivalent PaCo2 and equivalent MAPs throught the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072632
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Menstruation: Extravascular Fibrinolytic Activity and Reduced Fibrinolytic Capacity (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 667 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51629.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction and Reversion of c -Mutations by Irradiation of the Extracellular ϰ-Phage of Serratia (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 186 (1960), S. 330-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] c-Mutations are also produced in the free phage by X-rays (50 kV., no filter, 65,000 r./min.). The dose curve for killing is (as with ultra-violet radiation) a one-hit function; the c-mutations are induced by one hit, too. Selection of spontaneous c mutants by irradiation was excluded for X-rays as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/186330b0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of nalidixic acid, rifampicin and chloramphenicol on the mitomycin C - induced synthesis of a bacteriocin of serratia marcescens
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 59 (1974), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(74)80184-1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Purification of Cationic Granule Proteases: Application to Human Granzymes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Protein Expression and Purification 4 (1993), S. 398-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1046-5928
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/prep.1993.1052
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