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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of encapsulated cells producing neurotrophic factor CNTF in a monkey model of Huntington's disease (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neuro-degenerative disease characterized by progressive movement disorder, with devastating psychiatric and cognitive deterioration6. Neuropathologically, HD is associated with a consistent and severe atrophy of the neostriatum. Although multiple ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386395a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted thermoplastic membranes for use as cellular hybrid bio-artificial organs in the central nervous system (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 563-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: surface modification ; biocompatibility ; artificial organs ; biohybrid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl chloride) (PAN/VC) anisotropic membranes were chemically modified with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (5000 and 20,000 g/mol) by one of two aqueous reactions: (a) acid hydrolysis of the nitrile group to a carboxylic acid with which amine-terminated PEO (PEO-NH2) reacted or (b) base reduction of the nitrile group to an amine with which PEO-succinimide (PEO-SC) reacted. Approximately 1.3% of the bulk material was modified with PEO-NH2 whereas 1.8 to 3.5% was modified with PEO-SC as determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectra. Approximately 50 to 75% less bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed to PEO-grafted single skin fibers than to unmodified PAN/VC. Transport properties of modified and unmodified fibers were compared by passive diffusion, convective nominal molecular weight cutoff, and hydraulic permeability. Neither hydraulic permeability nor nominal molecular weight cutoff of BSA changed appreciably after surface modification with PEO indicating that pore structure was not adversely affected by the chemistry involved in grafting poly(ethylene oxide). However, in the absence of any membrane conditioning, the apparent diffusion of α-chymotrypsinogen (24,000 g/mol) was enhanced in PEO-grafted PAN/VC fibers possibly as a result of reduced sorption of the permeating protein. In vivo biocompatibility in the brain tissue of rats was judged by histological assessment of the host's cellular response to fibers implanted for 30 days; biocompatibility of both PAN/VC and PAN/VC-g-PEO was satisfactory but improved slightly with PEO grafting. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of hydrogels used in cell encapsulation: An in vitro comparison of alginate and agarose (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 374-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hydrogel ; stability ; gel strength ; diffusion ; alginate ; agarose ; encapsulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the in vitro gel stability of the hydrogels alginate and agarose. Gel strength (of alginate and agarose) and protein diffusion (of alginate only) were shown to correlate with gel stability and to be useful techniques to monitor gel stability over time. The gel strengths of alginate and agarose were followed for a 90-day period using gel strength as a measure of gel stability. The gel strength of agarose diminished in the presence of cells because the cells likely interfered with the hydrogen bond formation required for agarose gelation. In the presence of cells, the gel strength of agarose decreased by an average of 25% from time 0 to 60 days, thereafter maintaining that value to 90 days. The gel strength of calcium- or barium-crosslinked alginate decreased over 90 days, with an equilibrium gel strength being achieved after 30 days. The presence of cells did not further decrease alginate gel strength. The gel strengths of calcium- and barium-crosslinked alginates were similar at 60 days - 350 ± 20 g and 300 ± 60 g, respectively - indicating equivalence in their stability. The stability of calcium-crosslinked sodium alginate gels over a 60-day time period was monitored by diffusion of proteins ranging in molecular weight from 14.5 to 155 kD. From these diffusion measurements, the average pore size of the calcium-crosslinked alginate gels was estimated, using a semi-empirical model, to increase from ∼176 to 289 Å over a period of 60 days. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain tissue reaction to permselective polymer capsules (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 31-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The brain tissue reaction to permselective polymer capsules implanted in rats was evaluated for 1 to 54 weeks. The polymer capsules were well tolerated in all animals and no recognizable neurological or behavioral deficits were associated with the implants. Necrosis at the brain/polymer interface, as assessed with Nissl stain, was not observed. Foreign body giant cells were consistently absent. Immunocytochemically identified reactive neuroglial cells showed a remarkably low-grade tissue response to the synthetic material be yond the first 2 weeks of observation. Immunolabeled cortical neurons revealed conserved columnar arrays around the implants. Transmission electron microscopy showed a minimal degree of collagen deposition compared to implants in peripheral sites, and normal synapses within a few micrometers from the brain/polymer interface, supporting the prospect of biocompatible, immunoisolated xenografts in the central nervous system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820230104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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