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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AMITRIPTYLINE AND METHYLPHENIDATE TREATMENT OF BEHAVIORALLY DISORDERED CHILDREN (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 18 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: A controlled investigation was conducted to assess the relative effectiveness of amitriptyline and methylphenidate for treating hyperactive/aggressive behavior in children originally referred to a learning clinic. Behavioral change was measured through parent and teacher ratings. Drug effects on attention, short term memory, and impulsivity were evaluated with laboratory tasks. It was found that both drugs were largely comparable in attenuating hyperactivity and aggression. Of the laboratory measures, only attention was improved by both drugs. However, neither medication interfered with functioning on the other laboratory tests. With the exception of and trip by line-induced sedation, side effects were of minor degree. Findings raised questions concerning measuring and improving attentiveness. Differences between results of this and other studies were discussed, as were issues regarding pharmacotherapy with amitriptyline in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00415.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemistry of withdrawal emergent symptoms in children (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 56 (1978), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Withdrawal emergent symptoms ; Probenecid ; Serotonin ; Dopamine ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The probenecid procedure was used to study the metabolite accumulations of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 children receiving chronic neuroleptic therapy. Specimens were obtained while the children were being given chronically prescribed medication (Condition 1) and again 3–4 weeks later, following the discontinuation of drugs (Condition 2). At that time, five children showed typical dyskinetic withdrawal emergent symptoms (WES) and six were free of symptoms. CSF specimens were also obtained from eight drug-free children, diagnosed as having ‘chronic organic brain disease,’ who served as a contrast population against which the findings were evaluated. CSF accumulations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) did not differentiate the drug-treated children who showed WES from those who did not manifest these symptoms. A significant decrease in 5-HIAA was found in Condition 2, suggesting that chronic treatment with neuroleptics may effect 5-HT metabolism in children. The contrast population was found to have lower CSF concentrations of probenecid and were consequently of little help in clarifying the nature of the 5-HIAA decrement. A number of serious deficiences were noted regarding the use of the probenecid procedure, and it is felt that the use of spinal taps for studying neuroleptic effects on brain metabolism in children is unlikely to provide important information with regard to either CNS drug actions or toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431842
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of methylphenidate on learning a ‘beginning reading vocabulary’ by normal adults (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methylphenidate ; Psychostimulants ; Adult learning ; Reading instruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of methylphenidate on reading was studied by having nine adults learn a beginning vocabulary of 96 Chinese characters under placebo and 5 mg and 10 mg methylphenidate by two teaching methods which differed in the rate at which new items were introduced for practice. Using lists composed of 12 characters and their English equivalents; all items were presented prior to the start of practice trials (simultaneous method), or each item was introduced only as the subject practiced items previously presented (progressive method). Learning performance was analyzed in terms of total errors and errors made at two criterion stages in list acquisition. Overall performance was significantly facilitated by the low (5 mg) dose of methylphenidate, but only with the simultaneous method. Significant drug effects were also obtained at criterion stages which were associated with high error rates. It was concluded that drug effects are likely to be most pronounced in difficult learning situations and that dosage appears to be an important variable for consideration in further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426524
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methylphenidate oral dose plasma concentrations and behavioral response in children (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methylphenidate dosage ; Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity ; Methylphenidate plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between methylphenidate (MP) oral dose and plasma concentration to social and cognitive behaviors was studied in 25 boys diagnosed as having “attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity”. Children were administered successive 1-week treatment conditions under the following schedule of fixed oral doses given twice daily: placebo; 0.25 mg/kg; 0.50 mg/kg; 1.0 mg/kg; placebo. Teacher and parent ratings showed increased improvement in social behavior as a function of MP dose. No drug effects were obtained on cognitive performance. MP plasma concentrations were significantly associated with oral dose and with measures of social behavior. No relationship was found with cognitive behavior. Side effects at the largest dose were severe enough to require discontinuation of treatment for five children, but were relatively mild for the remaining children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449120
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of L-5-hydroxytryptophan on monoamine and amino acids turnover in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 9 (1979), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome we found decreased spinal fluid 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), the major metabolite of serotonin, and decreased homovanillic acid (HVA), the major metabolite of dopamine, indicating a decrease in monoamine metabolism. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa produced an increase in spinal fluid 5-HIAA, indicating that it might be possible to correct the serotonin deficiency in this syndrome, but there were no changes in the marked mental retardation and neurological deficits. Self-mutilation appeared to be suppressed by therapy but the effectiveness of the drugs decreased with time. There were also changes in the spinal fluid concentration of amino acids that might affect brain protein synthesis. These changes were corrected during administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531296
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ineffectiveness of imipramine in children who fail to respond to methylphenidate (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 10 (1980), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Ten hyperactive children who had failed to respond to methylphenidate were treated with imipramine in a placebo-controlled, crossover design. No significant drug effects were obtained either on parent and teacher ratings of the child's behavior or on the child's performance in a laboratory measure of sustained attention. Findings suggest that imipramine has limited clinical usefulness in the treatment of hyperactive children who fail to respond to methylphenidate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408464
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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