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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical interactions in blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate with tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane epoxy (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 6779-6786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00124a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A differential scanning calorimetry study on poly(ethylene terephthalate) isothermally crystallized at stepwise temperatures: multiple melting behavior re-investigated (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Multiple melting ; DSC-crystallization ; poly(ethylene terephthalate) ; lamellar thickness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The multiple melting behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by examining PET samples having been subjected to special schemes of crystallization and annealing treatment at multiple descending temperatures. Upon such step-wise annealing in decreasing temperatures, the existence of doublet melting peaks in addition to a series of multiple minor peaks in the PET has been demonstrated using carefully designed thermal schemes. Using the Hoffman theory, multiple lamellae populations, might be suggested to be simultaneously present in the PET subjected to such thermal treatments. However, direct experimental evidence has yet to be provided. The low-temperature minor crystals simply melt during normal scanning without having time enough to reorganize into higher-melt crystals. Nevertheless, the effect of scanning on non-isothermal crystallization does exist but is primarily confined to the temperature range much below the main melting region where the crystallization of polymer chains can progress at a reasonable rate. At higher temperatures near the main melting region, annealing for extended times is required in order to result in relative changes of the melting endotherms of the upper and lower peaks in the main melting doublet. In all we have shown that interpretations of the multiple melting phenomenon in semicrystalline polymers can be better refined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654051
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between ringed spherulitic morphology and miscibility in blends of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) with poly(benzyl methacrylate) versus poly(phenyl methacrylate) (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 1032-1042 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Spherulites ; Ring bands Interactions ; Miscibility ; Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Ringed spherulites are an interesting phenomenon that is observed only in very few miscible systems. For the first time, the relationship between the state of chain intermixing and the ring-band pattern was demonstrated. Two previously demonstrated miscible blend systems, poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) with poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) and PCL with poly(phenyl methacrylate) (PPhMA), were studied in order to understand the mechanism of ring-band formation in the spherulites and the relationships between the ring-band pattern and the state of miscibility. In both miscible PCL/PBzMA and PCL/PPhMA systems, extinction rings were observed within the PCL spherulites. In the PCL/PBzMA blend, the extinction rings are not as distinct (owing to distortion) as those in the PCL/PPhMA blend system. Analysis was performed and discussions were made to reveal relationships between miscibility, interaction strength, and the pattern of the ring bands in the PCL spherulites in polymeric mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000355
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of a novel high-temperature poly(oxy-1,4′-diphenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) with poly(ether imide): structure, interaction, and miscibility (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 392-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Miscibility ; Poly (ether imide) ; Poly(ether diphenyl ether ketone) ; Interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Polymer miscibility has been discovered in a blend system comprising poly(ether imide) (PEI) and a new poly(ether diphenyl ether ketone) (PEDEK). The miscibility of the PEDEK/PEI polymer system (quenched from the molten state) was investigated in this study using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. A composition-dependent single glass-transition temperature (T g) in the PEDEK/PEI blends over a full composition range was observed; the sharp transition width and the T g–composition relationship both suggest that the scale of mixing is fine and uniform. Evidence based on observation of the cold-crystallization peak and suppression of the blend crystallinity and melting peak also indicated intimate intermolecular mixing. The FT-IR result yielded further evidence that the physical interactions leading to miscibility were weak, with no apparent specific interactions between the constituent polymers. Relationships between structures and interactions responsible for the miscibility in PEI and several ether-ketone-type polymers are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub-Tg molecular relaxation and enthalpy relaxation behavior in amorphous glassy poly(ether imide) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 4 (1997), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Physical aging ; PEI ; Enthalpy relaxation ; Sub-Tg molecular relaxation ; Dynamic mechanical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Physical aging behavior of glassy, amorphous poly(ether imide) (PEI) at a high aging temperature range (15 ∼ 25 °C below the polymer Tg of 215 °C) was investigated. A quantitative modeling approach was utilized to describe the aging process of PEI. The experimental data of enthalpy of relaxation for constructing the models were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At relatively low aging temperatures, the enthalpy of relaxation simply increases linearly with the logarithm of time. At high temperatures another parameter accounting for distribution is needed for better description. Furthermore, the sub-Tg molecular chain relaxation of aged PEI was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Physical aging significantly suppressed the β chain relaxation but not the γ-relaxation, suggesting that the chain segmental motion for the β-relaxation is the one responsible for chain conformation changes reaching an equilibrium glassy state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0027-x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversibility of thermodynamic lower critical solution temperature phenomenon in miscible poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(benzyl methacrylate) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 5 (1998), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Polycaprolactone ; Poly(benzyl methacrylate) ; Miscibility ; LCST ; Reversibility ; Binodal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy were performed to examine the reversibility of phase separation at above the lower critical solution temperatures in a miscible poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) blend system. Upon heating, phase separation occurred via a binodal nucleation and growth (NG) mechanism at above 240 °C, which is a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The pattern of phase domains suggests that the phase separation was meta-stable. Interestingly, the LCST phase separation was found to be readily reversible to original homogeneity upon cooling at regularly accessible rates. A major factor may be that the temperature window between the LCST curve and blend Tg curve is wide, resulting in a convenient temperature range for the polymer chains to kinetically reorganize to a state favored by the thermodynamic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0058-3
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing-structure relationships for multiphase epoxy matrix systems (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 1691-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A styrene-modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy system cured with trimellitic anhydride (TMA) has been investigated to explore processing and structure relationships. During cure, the reactive styrene precipitated with polymerization into phase domains separate from the epoxy phase. Dynamic mechanical analysis and microscopy studies were performed to gain insight to matrix structure. The DMA studies showed that the styrenemodified epoxy system after cure exhibited two partially overlapped but distinct relaxation peaks, which are associated with the T gs of the polystyrene and epoxy phases. The glass transition of the polystyrene phase was shown to be broadened and the T g to depend strongly on processing temperature profiles. While the T g of the epoxy phase increases with curing agent concentrations, the T g of the polystyrene phase does not. Microscopic studies showed that the styrene-modified system exhibited a rougher fracture surface but did not reveal well defined phase domains in which the precipitated polystyrene component was aggregated. Overall, the study has demonstrated correlations of the kinetic factors in controlling the morphology in reactive modifier-epoxy systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544684
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of heterogeneous matrix composites using scanning acoustic microscopy (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Acoustic microscopy was used to examine the morphology of multi-phase matrices and composites. The acoustic microscopy imaging could easily resolve the rubber domains dispersed within a thermosetting or thermoplastic continuous phase. However, because the thermoplastic and thermosetting phase domains had comparable elastic moduli, the resolution between them was not always clear. Rayleigh wave distortion of imaging remained as one of the serious limitations that needed to be overcome in order for this technique to be widely utilized in heterogeneous/anisotropic media. In its present form, the acoustic imaging technique can be used to augment other existing analytical tools in order to generate more detailed morphological information that is useful in understanding structure-property relationships for multi-phase toughened matrices used in advanced composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of epoxy-bismaleimide network matrices (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 3665-3671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated intercrosslinked networks formed by co-curing two thermosets: a tetrafunctional epoxy/amine and a bismaleimide formulation. The mechanical properties and phase behaviour of the intercrosslinked networks were compared with the corresponding neat epoxy and bismaleimide systems. In addition, the reaction scheme of the epoxy-bismaleimide resin mixtures was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. A homogeneous structure for the networks was suggested by the results of both dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to most epoxy systems modified with rubbers or thermoplastics, phase separation was not observed in these intercrosslinked epoxy-bismaleimide networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161475
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic crystal forms and morphology of syndiotactic polystyrene in miscible states (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2725-2735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: blending ; polymorphism ; syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) ; amorphous polystyrene (a-PS) ; PPO ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy characterization were performed to evaluate the phenomenon of alteration of polymorphism of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) in the presence of other blending miscible polymers: poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) or atactic polystyrene (a-PS). Both α and β crystal forms were observed in the neat s-PS sample, but only β-form crystal was found in miscible blends of s-PS with a-PS or PPO. The order and neighboring chain segments of neat s-PS are different from those of s-PS/PPO or s-PS/a-PS blends; thus, it is plausible that the greater randomness in the melt state of s-PS/a-PS or s-PS/PPO blends might be unfavorable for formation of α-form crystals from melts. The final spherulitic morphology the s-PS/a-PS or s-PS/PPO blends suggests that the amorphous-state miscibility of does not change much the spherulitic structure of s-PS. The radial growth rate is, in general, depressed with the presence of blending miscible polymers in s-PS of equal Tg or PPO of higher Tg. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2725-2735, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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