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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Ethoxyquin(6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) ; Nephrotoxicity ; Rat ; Proteinuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity of ethoxyquin (EQ) to rat kidney was examined in males which were either weanling or adult at the beginning of the experiment, and also in adult females. Female rats were much less susceptible to the toxic effects of EQ than males of the same age. In males damage to the cortex, mainly as an acceleration of the normal ageing process, was similar in both age groups, but rats exposed to EQ as weanlings also suffered from extensive papillary necrosis. Male rats were more prone than females to proteinuria, which was greatly exacerbated by EQ in both age groups. Thus there is very little evidence of nephrotoxicity in adult female rats on exposure to EQ at 0.5% in the diet for 26 weeks. In males, the initial age of the animal, as well as the length of treatment, influences the extent of damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 21 (2003), S. 126-128 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The danger of excessive reliance by farmers and breeders on a narrowing genetic base was dramatized by the infestation of US hybrid corn with cytoplasm male sterility with southern corn leaf blight in the early 1970s (refs. 1, 2). This event catalyzed a worldwide effort to expand substantially the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nature of the metalloporphyrin-ligand complexes produced by zinc, magnesium and cobalt porphyrins with basic ligands has been investigated using the diamagnetic ring current shifts of the porphyrin on the ligand protons. The metal to nitrogen bond lengths in some metallo-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (pyridine) complexes have been determined and compared with the data of the crystalline complexes. The geometry of the Zn meso-tetraphenylporphyrin complexes with 2-picoline, quinoline and isoquinoline has been investigated. Steric interactions between the ligand and the porphyrin in 2-picoline and quinoline produce a dramatic increase in the Zn—N bond length when compared to the unstrained analogues pyridine and isoquinoline. This large increase is associated with comparatively minor angle distortions in the complex. The specificity of the Zn meso-tetraphenylporphyrin complexation shifts has been determined for a range of benzyl and butyl compounds. The complexation shift is linearly related to the basicity of the ligand for a wide range of basicities.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 57-60 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectra of the diastereomeric complexes formed by the coordination of nitrogenous enantiomeric bases with cobalt(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) allow the immediate differentiation of these complexes. The spectra are interpreted on the basis of symmetry (RR and SS) and pseudo-chirality (RS and SR) considerations. The effects are observed in both the proton and carbon spectra and the complexes are stable in both CDCl3 and DMSO-d4 solution. This technique, in principle, allows the ready determination of the optical purity of multifunctional ligands.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some applications illustrating the use of zinc (II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) as a diamagnetic shift reagent are described. The complexation shifts (ΔP) in a series of substituted pyridines are shown to be determined by both the basicity of the coordinating nitrogen atom and steric effects of ortho-substituents. The selectivity of ZnTPP (N»O) in the simplification of the spectra of multifunctional ligands is demonstrated. Addition of the reagent neither affects the rotamer populations of the Inderal side-chain nor produces any distortion of the 2-benzylmorpholine ring. In addition, the substrate-reagent solution may be shaken with D2O to identify exchangeable protons. The application of ZnTPP in structural problems involving substituted imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and 2-benzyl-1,3-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines allows unambiguous identification of the possible structural isomers. To overcome the solvent limitations of ZnTPP, the more soluble Co(III)TPPBr can be used successfully as a shift reagent in DMSO-d6, CD3OD and acetone-d6 solutions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The facile preparation of zinc(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (Zn TPP) and derivatives from substituted benzaldehydes and pyrrole, combined with the calculation of ring current shifts in these molecules, provides a useful series of selective diamagnetic shift reagents. The porphyrin-ligand equilibrium is examined for some nitrogenous bases and the complexation shifts (δP values) are obtained in precisely the same manner as LIS. The parameterization of the double-dipole model of the porphyrin ring current is given, with the inclusion of the phenyl ring currents and free rotation about the substrate-Zn bond. Precise agreement with the porphyrin proton chemical shifts and the complexation shifts of the geometrically rigid substrates of pyridine, 4-picoline and quinuclidine is obtained. In contrast, the 13C complexation shifts in these molecules are subject to additional effects other than the ring current shift.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H ; 13C NMR 2D NMR ; C-Glycopyranosides ; C-Glycofuranosides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: C-Glycopyranosides and C-glycofuranosides were identified using 13C and 1H chemical shift and coupling constant data. Full assignments for all α- and β-anomers were made possible by recourse to carbon-proton chemical shift correlation spectroscopy. Greater steric shielding effects were observed on the carbon atoms in cis-1,2-substituted compounds compared with their trans counterparts. Consistent proton chemical shift differences were also noted in that the anomeric protons resonate at lower field in all cis-1,2-isomers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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