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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ULF wave occurrence statistics in a high-latitude HF Doppler sounder (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 749-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionosphere -magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (MHD waves and instabilities)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultra low frequency (ULF) wave activity in the high-latitude ionosphere has been observed by a high frequency (HF) Doppler sounder located at Tromsø, Norway (69.71°N, 19.2°E geographic coordinates). A statistical study of the occurrence of these waves has been undertaken from data collected between 1979 and 1984. The diurnal, seasonal, solar cycle and geomagnetic activity variations in occurrence have been investigated. The findings demonstrate that the ability of the sounder to detect ULF wave signatures maximises at the equinoxes and that there is a peak in occurrence in the morning sector. The occurrence rate is fairly insensitive to changes associated with the solar cycle but increases with the level of geomagnetic activity. As a result, it has been possible to characterise the way in which prevailing ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions affect such observations of ULF waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0749-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-latitude HF Doppler observations of ULF waves: 2. Waves with small spatial scale sizes (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 868-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (MHD waves and instabilities)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The DOPE (Doppler Pulsation Experiment) HF Doppler sounder located near Tromsø, Norway (geographic: 69.6°N 19.2°E; L = 6.3) is deployed to observe signatures, in the high-latitude ionosphere, of magnetospheric ULF waves. A type of wave has been identified which exhibits no simultaneous ground magnetic signature. They can be subdivided into two classes which occur in the dawn and dusk local time sectors respectively. They generally have frequencies greater than the resonance fundamentals of local field lines. It is suggested that these may be the signatures of high-m ULF waves where the ground magnetic signature has been strongly attenuated as a result of the scale size of the waves. The dawn population demonstrate similarities to a type of magnetospheric wave known as giant (Pg) pulsations which tend to be resonant at higher harmonics on magnetic field lines. In contrast, the waves occurring in the dusk sector are believed to be related to the storm-time Pc5s previously reported in VHF radar data. Dst measurements support these observations by indicating that the dawn and dusk classes of waves occur respectively during geomagnetically quiet and more active intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0868-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cardiovascular and central nervous system effects in the human of U-62066E (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: U-62066E ; Opioid antagonist ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; plasma catecholamines ; naloxone ; Doppler regional blood flow ; kappa receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U-62066E were investigated in ten normal male subjects who received U-62066E or placebo with low or high dose naloxone in a randomized, double blind study. Blood pressure and heart rate in the supine and standing position, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline, regional Doppler blood velocity indices and psychometric assessments were recoreded for 1.25 h before and 6 h following injection. U-62066E caused sedation and dysphoria but no euphoria. Plasma noradrenaline was increased by U62066E when compared with basal levels. This action of U62066E was prevented by high but not low dose naloxone. U-62066E had no significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate or regional blood flow indices in the vessels studied and no effect on plasma adrenaline levels. Since U62066E at a dose known to have marked kappa effects was not found to influence cardiovascular indices our results do not support a major role for kappa opioids in the control of the circulation. However, U62066E may influence noradrenaline release or clearance and cause sedation and psychotomimetic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192549
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-latitude HF Doppler observations of ULF waves. 1. Waves with large spatial scale sizes (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 1548-1556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Auroral ionosphere ; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ; MHD waves and instabilities HF Dopplre ; ULF Waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative study of observations of the ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric ultra low frequency (ULF) waves by a high-latitude (geographic: 69.6°N 19.2°E) high-frequency Doppler sounder has been undertaken. The signatures, which are clearly correlated with pulsations in ground magnetometer data, exhibit periods in the range 100–400 s and have azimuthal wave numbers in the range 3–8. They are interpreted here as local field line resonances. Phase information provided by O- and X-mode Doppler data support the view that these are associated with field line resonances having large azimuthal scale sizes. The relative phases and amplitudes of the signatures in the Doppler and ground magnetometer data are compared with a model for the generation of Doppler signatures from incident ULF waves. The outcome suggests that the dominant mechanism involved in producing the Doppler signature is the vertical component of an E × B bulk motion of the local plasma caused by the electric field perturbation of the ULF wave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1548-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial observations by the CUTLASS coherent scatter radar of ionospheric modification by high power radio waves (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 1412-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented from an experimental campaign in April 1996, in which the new CUTLASS (Co-operative UK twin-located Auroral Sounding System) coherent scatter radar was employed to observe artificial field aligned irregularities (FAI) generated by the EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATter) heating facility at Tromso, Norway. The distribution of back-scatter intensity from within the heated region has been investigated both in azimuth and range with the Finland component of CUTLASS, and the first observations of artificial irregularities by the Iceland radar are also presented. The heated region has been measured to extend over a horizontal distance of 170 ± 50 km, which by comparison with a model of the heater beam pattern corresponds to a threshold electric field for FAI of between 0.1 and O.OlV/m. Differences between field-aligned and vertical propagation heating are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1412-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spatial and temporal resolution observations of an impulse-driven field line resonance in radar backscatter artificially generated with the Tromsø heater (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 634-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CUTLASS Finland HF radar has been operated in conjunction with the EISCAT Tromsø RF ionospheric heater facility to examine a ULF wave characteristic of the development of a field line resonance (FLR) driven by a cavity mode caused by a magnetospheric impulse. When the heater is on, striating the ionosphere with field-aligned ionospheric electron density irregularities, a large enough radar target is generated to allow post-integration over only 1 second. When combined with 15 km range gates, this gives radar measurements of a naturally occurring ULF wave at a far better temporal and spatial resolution than has been achieved previously. The time-dependent signature of the ULF wave has been examined as it evolves from a large-scale cavity resonance, through a transient where the wave period was latitude-dependent and the oscillation had the characteristics of freely ringing field lines, and finally to a very narrow, small-scale local field line resonance. The resonance width of the FLR is only 60 km and this is compared with previous observations and theory. The FLR wave signature is strongly attenuated in the ground magnetometer data. The characterisation of the impulse driven FLR was only achieved very crudely with the ground magnetometer data and, in fact, an accurate determination of the properties of the cavity and field line resonant systems challenges the currently available limitations of ionospheric radar techniques. The combination of the latest ionospheric radars and facilities such as the Tromsø ionospheric heater can result in a powerful new tool for geophysical research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0634-9
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of EISCAT and HF Doppler observations of a ULF wave (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 1190-1199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ; MHD waves and instabilities ; Radio science ; Ionospheric physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Since the middle of 1995, an HF Doppler sounder has been running almost continuously in northern Norway, with the receiver at Ramfjordmoen and the transmitter at Seljelvnes. Concurrent operation of the EISCAT UHF radar in common programme (CP-1) mode has made it possible to study the ionospheric signature of a magnetospheric ULF wave. These are the first results of such wave signatures observed simultaneously in both instruments. It has been demonstrated that the observed Doppler signature was mainly due to the vertical bulk motion of the ionosphere caused by the electric field perturbation of the ULF wave and the first direct observational confirmation of a numerical simulation has been achieved. The wave, which was Alfvénic in nature, was detected by the instruments 8° equatorward of the broad resonance region. The implications for the deduced wave modes in the ionosphere and the mechanism producing the HF Doppler variations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1190-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor First direct observations of the reduced striations at pump frequencies close to the electron gyroharmonics (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1235-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (active experiments; ionospheric irregularities) ; Radio science (ionospheric physics)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that the ionospheric plasma response to high-power HF radio waves changes drastically as the heater frequency approaches harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. These include changes in the spectrum of the stimulated electromagnetic emission, reduction in the anomalous absorption of low-power diagnostic waves propagating through the heated volume, and reduction in the large scale F-region heating. Theoretical models as well as previous experimental evidence point towards the absence of small-scale field-aligned plasma density irregularities at pump frequencies close to electron gyroharmonics as the main cause of these changes. Results presented in this paper are the first direct observations of the reduced striations at the 3rd gyroharmonic made by the CUTLASS radar. In addition, simultaneous EISCAT observations have revealed that the “enhanced ion-line” usually present in the EISCAT ion-line spectrum during the first few seconds after heater switch on, persisted at varying strengths while the heater was transmitting at frequencies close to the 3rd electron gyroharmonics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1235-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR): an overview of a future radar facility (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 1248-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (active experiments) ; Radio science (instruments and techniques) ; Space plasma physics (instruments and techniques)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract SPEAR is a new polar cap HF radar facility which is to be deployed on Svalbard. The principal capabilities of SPEAR will include the generation of artificial plasma irregularities, operation as an ‘all-sky’ HF radar, the excitation of ULF waves, and remote sounding of the magnetosphere. Operation of SPEAR in conjunction with the multitude of other instruments on Svalbard, including the EISCAT Svalbard radar, and the overlap of its extensive field-of-view with that of several of the HF radars in the SuperDARN network, will enable in-depth diagnosis of many geophysical and plasma phenomena associated with the cusp region and the substorm expansion phase. Moreover, its ability to produce artificial radar aurora will provide a means for the other instruments to undertake polar cap plasma physics experiments in a controlled manner. Another potential use of the facility is in ‚field-line tagging’ experiments, for coordinated ground-satellite experiments. Here the scientific objectives of SPEAR are detailed, along with the proposed technical specifications of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-1248-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CUTLASS observations of a high-m ULF wave and its consequences for the DOPE HF Doppler sounder (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1493-1497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; MHD waves and instabilities)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CUTLASS (Co-operative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System) Finland HF radar, whilst operating in a high spatial and temporal resolution mode, has measured the ionospheric signature of a naturally occurring ULF wave in scatter artificially generated by the Tromsø Heater. The wave had a period of 100 s and exhibited curved phase fronts across the heated volume (about 180 km along a single radar beam). Spatial information provided by CUTLASS has enabled an m-number for the wave of about 38 to be determined. This high-m wave was not detected by the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects) network of ground magnetometers, as expected for a wave of a small spatial scale size. These observations offer the first independent confirmation of the existence of the ground uncorrelated ULF wave signatures previously reported in measurements recorded from an HF Doppler sounder located in the vicinity of Tromsø. These results both demonstrate a new capability for geophysical exploration from the combined CUTLASS-EISCAT ionospheric Heater experiment, and provide a verification of the HF Doppler technique for the investigation of small scale ULF waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1493-3
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