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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmental Influences on Soil Macroarthropod Behavior in Agricultural Systems (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 35 (1990), S. 249-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.001341
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic dissection of cotton physiological responses to arid conditions and their inter-relationships with productivity (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Testing of the extent to which different complex traits share common genetic control provides a means to distinguish associations that are truly diagnostic of genetic potential for improved adaptation to abiotic stress, from incidental phenotypic correlations. In two generations of progeny from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was used to evaluate correspondence in genetic control of selected physiological measures and productivity under water-limited and well-watered environments, respectively. A total of 33 QTLs were detected for five physiological variables [osmotic potential (OP), carbon isotope ratio (δ13C; indicator of water use efficiency), canopy temperature, chlorophyll a and b], and 46 QTLs for five measures of crop productivity [dry matter, seed cotton yield (SC), harvest index, boll weight, and boll number]. QTL likelihood intervals for high SC and low OP corresponded in three genomic regions, two of which mapped to homoeologous locations on the two subgenomes of tetraploid cotton. QTLs for δ13C showed only incidental association with productivity, indicating that high water use efficiency can be associated with either high or low productivity. Different cotton species have evolved different alleles related to physiological responses and productivity under water deficit, which may permit the development of genotypes that are better-adapted to arid conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2003.01134.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization and volatile loss of nitrogen from soils treated with coal combustion byproducts (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Fly ash ; Bed ash ; Soil quality ; N mineralization ; N volatilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract There is an increasing need to find a suitable means for disposal of coal combustion byproducts because of the increasing world-wide production of these byproducts. This need has prompted interest in the use of land disposal, but there are concerns that this use may degrade the quality of soil. To determine the influence of coal combustion byproducts on the transformation and fate of soil N and assess the potential impact of land disposal on soil quality, we studied the effects of two combustion byproducts (fly ash and bed ash) applied at rates of 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 Mg ha-1 on mineralization and volatile loss of N from soil. Studies comparing the influence of the byproducts on these processes showed that whereas fly ash had little influence on the fate of soil N, bed ash caused substantial mineralization of organic soil N and volatile loss of this N as NH3. Studies monitoring the pH of soils treated with bed ash showed that soil pH increased immediately after this treatment, with values reaching as high as 12.8. These studies indicated that such extreme alkaline conditions caused chemical degradation and volatile loss of as much as 10% of the organic N in soil, and they provide strong evidence that the improper disposal of bed ash on land can have a substantial negative impact on soil quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570629
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of rice cultivars to phosphorus supply on an oxisol (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 16 (1988), S. 195-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Genotypic differences ; Oryza sativa L. ; oxisol ; P-uptake efficiency ; upland rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Genotypic differences in absorption or utilization of P might be exploited to improve efficiency of fertilizer use or to obtain higher productivity on P-deficient soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate responses by 75 genotypes of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to two soil P levels in two field experiments. In the first experiment, soil P levels (Mehlich 1) were 1.5 mg kg−1 and 5 mg kg−1, and in the second experiment, 3 mg kg−1 and 4.7 mg kg−1 of soil, respectively. Rice cultivars differed significantly in shoot dry matter production at flowering, grain yield, and plant P status. Based on a grain yield efficiency index, cultivars were classified as P-efficient or P-inefficient. Shoot dry matter was more sensitive to P-deficiency but was not related to grain yield. Phosphorus use efficiency was higher under the low P treatment. Phosphorus uptake was significantly correlated with dry matter, P concentration and P-efficiency ratio. Results of this study indicate that genetic differences in P-use efficiency exist among upland rice cultivars and may be exploited in breeding programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051370
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Upland rice response to potassium fertilization on a Brazilian oxisol (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 21 (1990), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): K response ; K x cultivar interaction ; K-uptake ; Oryza sativa L. ; grain yield ; dry matter ; soil K level
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Even though K is an essential nutrient, the response of upland rice to K fertilization under field conditions has not been adequately documented. This research was conducted to examine the influence of K fertilization on yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the first three years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126 and 168 kg K ha−1. In the last two years K was banded at rates of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg K ha−1. The experiment was conducted on an Oxisol (Typic Haplustox) during five consecutive years. Potassium significantly increased grain yields and dry matter production but response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Drought and panicle neck blast played an important role in limiting upland rice yield response to K fertilization. Potassium application rates associated with maximum grain yield varied from 83 to 127 kg K ha−1 when K was broadcast and from 47 to 67 kg K ha−1 when K was banded. Previous broadcast K, favorable weather and blast resistant cultivars probably contributed to higher yields with K banding in the fourth and fifth growing seasons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01087423
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biotechniques for improving acid aluminum tolerance in alfalfa (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 590-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Alfalfa ; Media ; Callus ; fresh weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cultivars ARC, Regen Y and Saranac were selected in vitro in a recently developed acid/aluminum toxic media. The new media produced higher initiation rates and higher fresh callus weights than those obtainable with the media described by Meredith and Connor for the selection of aluminum resistant variants in Nicotiana plumbaginofolia. Both rescue and direct initiation yielded adequate amounts of healthy callus for the initiation of embryogenesis. The toxic effect of the acid/aluminum media is expressed in both the percent of explants initiating callus and in the fresh-weights obtained during initiation and two subsequent subcultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233067
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of coal combustion byproducts as soil liming materials: their influence on soil pH and enzyme activities (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Fly ash ; Combustion byproducts ; Soil quality ; Soil enzyme activity ; Calcium carbonate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract There is considerable interest in the use of coal combustion byproducts as soil liming materials in agricultural production, but there is concern that such use may be detrimental to the quality of agricultural soils. To evaluate these byproducts as liming materials and address issues related to soil quality, we compared the influence of different amounts of four combustion byproducts [fly ash and bed ash from a fluidized bed combustion furnace, lime-injected multistage burner residue, and spray dryer residue] and CaCO3 on soil pH and activities of urease, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and dehydrogenase in an acidic soil. Studies comparing the influence of the combustion byproducts and CaCO3 on soil pH showed that on a weight basis of application, substantial differences were observed in the ability of these materials to influence soil pH but that such differences decreased markedly after the data were transformed to a CaCO3 equivalent basis of application. Analysis of covariance for these transformed data indicated that whereas the liming abilities of fly ash and CaCO3 were not significantly different when compared on the CaCO3 equivalent basis, those of bed ash, multistage burner residue, and spray dryer residue were less than that of CaCO3. Studies comparing the influence of the byproducts and CaCO3 on soil enzyme activities showed that the effect of these liming materials on the enzyme activities studied was largely due to their influence on soil pH. The relationships obtained between soil pH and enzyme activities in soil amended with the liming materials generally demonstrated the marked similarities in the influence of the combustion byproducts and CaCO3 on these activities when observed within the domain of soil pH. These studies showed that the combustion byproducts tested functioned as soil liming materials in a manner similar to that of CaCO3 and seemed to have little adverse effect on soil quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336317
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    QTL analysis of leaf morphology in tetraploid Gossypium (cotton) (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 409-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words DNA markers ; Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Morphological traits ; Okra leaf ; Polyploid formation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Molecular markers were used to map and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining cotton leaf morphology and other traits, in 180 F2 plants from an interspecific cross between a Gossypium hirsutum genotype carrying four morphological mutants, and a wild-type Gossypium barbadense. The prominent effects of a single region of chromosome 15, presumably the classical ”Okra-leaf” locus, were modified by QTLs on several other chromosomes affecting leaf size and shape. For most traits, each parent contained some alleles with positive effects and others with negative effects, suggesting a large potential for adapting leaf size and shape to the needs of particular production regimes. Twenty one QTLs/loci were found for the morphological traits at LOD≥3.0 and P≤0.001, among which 14 (63.6%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. Forty one more possible QTLs/loci were suggested with 2.0≤LOD〈3.0 and 0.001〈P≤0.01. Among all of the 62 possible QTLs (found at LOD≥2.0 and P≤0.01) for the 14 morphological traits in this study, 38 (61.3%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. This reinforces the findings of several other studies in suggesting that the D-subgenome of tetraploid cotton has been subject to a relatively greater rate of evolution than the A-subgenome, subsequent to polyploid formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050054
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and nutrient concentrations of alfalfa and common bean as influenced by soil acidity (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Medicago sativa L. ; nutrient uptake ; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; root and shoot dry weight ; root length
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Growth and nutrient utilization of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Arc) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) were studied in an acid soil adjusted to eight levels of soil acidity by lime addition. Application of lime significantly (P〈0.05) increased shoot and root growth for both species. However, common bean was far less sensitive to soil acidity than alfalfa. Maximum alfalfa growth was obtained at a soil pH of 5.8 and maximum bean growth was achieved at pH 5.0. Root and shoot growth of both legumes was positively correlated (P〈0.01) with soil pH, exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg and negatively correlated (P〈0.01) with soil exchangeable Al. Common bean had a lower internal P requirement for maximum growth and was more efficient than alfalfa in taking up Ca and Mg. These characteristics would contribute to the favorable growth of common bean in acid-infertile soils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370426
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of phosphate rock dissolution on soil chemical properties and wheat seedling root elongation (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): aluminium toxicity ; bioassay ; P-fertilizer ; root growth ; soil acidity ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Soils of the Appalachian region of the United States are acidic and deficient in P. North Carolina phosphate rock (PR), a highly substituted fluoroapatite, should be quite reactive in these soils, allowing it to serve both as a source of P and a potential ameliorant of soil acidity. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of PR dissolution on soil chemical properties and wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hart) seedling root elongation. Ten treatments including nine rates of PR (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg P kg-1) and a CaCO3 (1000 mg kg-1) control were mixed with two acidic soils, moistened to a level corresponding to 33 kPa moisture tension and incubated for 30 days. Pregerminated wheat seedlings were grown for three days in the PR treated soils and the CaCO3 control. Root length was significantly (P〈0.05) increased both by PR treatments and CaCO3, indicating that PR dissolution was ameliorating soil acidity. The PR treatments increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and soil solution Ca while lowering exchangeable Al and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable soil Al. Root growth in PR treatments was best described by an exponential equation (P〈0.01) containing 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Al. The PR dissolution did not reduce total soil solution Al, but did release Al complexing anions into soil solution, which along with increased pH, shifted Al speciation from toxic to nontoxic forms. These results suggest that North Carolina PR should contribute to amelioration of soil acidity in acidic, low CEC soils of the Appalachian region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010713
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