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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ursache für die Schlagfestigkeit von Polycarbonat. 3. Mitt. Einfluß von Flüssigkeiten und Orientierungen (1977)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 715-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01550145
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beziehung zwischen dem freien Volumen und derβ-Umwandlung bei tiefer Temperatur im glasigen Polycarbonat (1974)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 180-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555648
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologie von Haarrissen in glasigem Polycarbonat (1977)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 935-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617176
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue fracture of nylon polymers (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 6314-6324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of glass fibres on the fatigue crack propagation rates of injection-moulded nylons has been determined. In contrast to previous results for unreinforced nylons, the cracking kinetics are independent of the oscillating load frequency. The fact that the crack growth rate per cycle is constant, when expressed in terms of the time under load, demonstrates that the contribution of creep crack extension is minimized by the glass fibres. Thus a true fatigue process is suggested for the fatigue fracture of the reinforced system, even when the glass fibres are preferentially aligned parallel to the crack growth direction. A complicating factor in characterizing the fatigue resistance of the glass-reinforced nylons is the tremendous influence of fibre orientation on crack growth rate. It is shown that the anisotropy problem can be handled by simply expressing the crack growth rate data in terms of the strain energy release rate rather than the usual stress intensity factor representation. Results for four different glass-filled nylons show that the diverse crack growth rates for cracking parallel versus perpendicular to the glass-fibre axes collapse on to individual strain energy release rate curves. Each single relationship therefore characterizes the fatigue fracture of the filled material and furthermore permits a prediction of the cracking rates for any glass-fibre orientation based upon the expected change in modulus. Finally it is demonstrated that the increased stress dependence of fatigue crack propagation (slope of the Paris plot) in filled nylons can be duplicated in unfilled samples under certain conditions. It is concluded that the fatigue fracture mechanism is matrix dominated in these chopped glass-fibre reinforced materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02387810
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue fracture of nylon polymers (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 4501-4510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of frequency on fatigue crack propagation rates in unfilled nylon polymers. Specifically it was of interest to investigate the frequency dependence under conditions where hysteretic heat generation did not occur. For dry injection-moulded nylon the results demonstrate that a strong frequency dependence exists with higher crack propagation rates at lower frequencies. This indicates that the mechanism of fatigue crack growth at room temperature is primarily one of creep crack growth, especially at frequencies below 1.0 Hz. It is also noted that hysteretic heating causes fracture mode transitions to occur during stable fatigue crack propagation in injection-moulded nylons, even at relatively low cyclic frequencies (5.0 Hz).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress cracking of nylon polymers in aqueous salt solutions (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 2615-2623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Craze-growth kinetics were measured for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 immersed in aqueous salt solutions. Under all conditions of stress level, temperature, and salt type examined, the craze growth data exhibited a steady state growth rate which was linear with time. Comparison of these results with available mechanistic models for craze growth suggests that salt-induced crazing of nylon polymers is an example of relaxation-controlled craze growth. Activation energies for crazing are 2.1 × 105 J mol−1 for nylon 6 and 3.9 x 10−5 J mol−1 for nylon 6,6. These values are similar to the activation energies for the alpha relaxation (glass transition) of the nylons. Although the activation energies depend to some extent on the initial stress intensity factor level and salt type, the results indicate that the polymer type is the primary factor determining the temperature dependence of craze growth. The effect of salt type on cracking was shown to correlate with the charge density ratio of the salt cation, namelyQ/R, whereQ is the oxidation number andR is the ionic radius. These results indicate that the stress cracking susceptibility of nylon polymers can be predicted based upon the polymer chemical structure, glass transition temperature, degree of crystallinity, and theQ/R ratio of the specific salt in question.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082153
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue fracture of long fiber reinforced nylon 66 (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 38-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue behavior of long fiber reinforced nylon 66 has been investigated by measuring fatigue crack propagation rates of injection molded samples. Plaques varying in thickness from 3 to 10 mm were employed for nylong 66 containing either glass, carbon or aramid fibers. Both conventional chopped, short fiber reinforcements and pultruded long fiber filled nylon 66 were examined. Long fiber reinforced nylon 66 exhibits improved fatigue resistance as shown by decreases in fatigue crack propagation rates compared to short fiber filled composites. Using a fracture mechanics analysis, it is shown that the improvements are due primarily to the higher moduli of the long fiber reinforced nylon 66, with only a slight increase in the calculated strain energy release rate associated with fatigue crack growth. For short or long glass fibers, and for short carbon fibers, the effects of fiber orientation on fatigue crack growth rates can be predicted from the fracture mechanics model. More significant effects of fiber length on fatigue fracture energies are noted for long aramid and long carbon reinforced nylon 66. It is also shown that thicker plaques can exhibit poorer fatigue fracture behavior owing to their inferior core sections.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue fracture of reaction injection molded (RIM) nylon composites (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 3029-3056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study was undertaken to determine how milled glass fibers affect the fatigue resistance of reaction injection molded (RIM) nylon 6. Specifically the effects of glass content, fiber length, orientation, and surface treatment were investigated. The fatigue crack growth rates for unfilled and glass-filled samples were observed to follow the well-known Paris equation in terms of dependence on cyclic stress intensity factor. For the unfilled nylon a line shaped zone was observed in advance of the crack tip. Fractography results suggest that the zone was the projection of the actual crack tip profile through the thickness of the sample rather than a distinct plastic or deformation zone. The fatigue fracture surface exhibited a patchy type structure with features 50-150 μm in size, suggesting a void coalescence type of mechanism as has been reported for injection molded nylons. A diffuse damage zone, several millimeters in size, was observed at the crack tip for the glass-filled RIM nylon 6. The zone was observed to pulsate with the applied oscillating load. The growth of the damage zone volume with increasing crack length (and thus increasing stress intensity factor range) followed the Paris law, as did the crack growth rate data. The damage mechanism is attributed to void formation and microcracking at the fiber-matrix interface. The results of this study show that, for milled glass-reinforced RIM nylon 6, the crack growth rates were much more rapid than observed for injection-molded nylon 6 containing chopped glass fibers. This difference is attributed to the greatly reduced glass fiber lengths for the milled glasses.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070371019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of environmental stress cracking of polycarbonate from solubility considerations (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1153-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Simple thermodynamic relationships as well as semiempirical solubility parameter plotting techniques were examined as methods for predicting critical crazing strains of polycarbonate exposed to linear and branched alkanes. In general, measured critical strains correlated with predicted solubilities based on the Flory-Huggins equation. Solubility parameters could also be used to predict critical strains if molecular size differences between specific alkanes were taken into account. These techniques were then extended to polar and hydrogen bonding liquids using two-dimensional solubility parameter plotting representations. A comprehensive listing of critical strains for polycarbonate exposed to over 80 liquids and liquid mixtures is included.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). I. Dynamic mechanical measurements (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1443-1453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Injection- and compression-molded poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) samples were aged at 40 to 90°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Dynamic mechanical measurements show that aging restricts molecular mobility in the glassy poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) matrix of ABS. The α, or glass transition, of the matrix is affected only by aging at higher temperatures such as 90°C. On the other hand, the β transition is suppressed to some extent by aging at all temperatures from 40 to 90°C parallels the loss of tensile elongation previously reported. These results indicate that the effects of aging on the glassy phase are unique for different aging temperatures. Therefore, a simple time temperature superposition may not exist for the effects of physical aging on ABS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250718
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