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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth factors and proliferation of cultured rat gingival cells in response to cyclosporin A (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 40 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  The prominent side-effect of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug, in oral tissues is gingival outgrowth, although the exact mechanism underlying this side-effect is unclear. The main purposes of the present study were to determine whether cyclosporin A induced the gingival outgrowth by promoting proliferation of gingival cells and whether growth factors such as transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in the possible changes in the proliferation of gingival cells induced by cyclosporin A.Methods:  Cells isolated from rat gingival tissues were cultured with cyclosporin A or IGF-I for 3 days. The effects of cyclosporin A or IGF-I on the proliferation of cultured rat gingival cells were analyzed with a CellTiter 96 proliferation assay kit. The mRNA expression levels for TGF-βs, FGF-2, PDGFs, IGFs, insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs), and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the rat gingival cells treated with cyclosporin A were measured using competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR).Results:  Cyclosporin A induced 23–25% (p 〈 0.001) increases in the proliferation of rat gingival cells and approximately 130% (p 〈 0.05) and 60% (p 〈 0.05) elevations in the mRNA expression levels for TGF-β1 and FGF-2, respectively. On the other hand, exogenous IGF-I induced 8–11% (p 〈 0.05) increases in the proliferation, but cyclosporin A induced 30–80% (p 〈 0.05–0.01) reductions in the mRNA expression levels for endogenous IGF-I, IGFR1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6.Conclusions:  Cyclosporin A stimulates the proliferation of rat gingival cells. TGF-β1 and FGF-2 could be involved, but IGFs, IGFRs and IGFBPs could not be directly involved in this cyclosporin A induced-stimulation of the gingival cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00762.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of high ductility and tensile properties by a two-stage draw of poly(acrylonitrile): Effect of molecular weight (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 629-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(acrylonitrile) ; two-stage draw ; morphology and tensile properties ; effect of molecular weight ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultradrawing of atactic poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) was investigated for a Mv series, ranging 8.0 × 104-2.3 × 106. Samples for the draw were prepared from 0.5-30 wt % solutions of PAN in N,N′-dimethylformamide. The solutions were converted to a gel by quenching from 100 to 0°C. The dried gel films were initially drawn uniaxially by solid-state coextrusion (first-stage draw) to an extrusion draw ratio (EDR) of 16, followed by further tensile draw at 100-250°C (second-stage draw). The maximum total draw ratio (DRt,max) and tensile properties achieved by two-stage draw increased remarkably with sample Mv. Other factors affecting ductility were the solution concentration from which gel was made and the second-stage draw temperature. The effects of these variables became more prominent with increasing Mv. The temperature for optimum second-stage draw increased with sample Mv. Both the initial gel and the drawn products showed no small-angle X-ray long period scattering maximum, suggesting the absence of a chain-folded lamellae structure, which had been found in our previous study on the drawing of nascent PAN powder. The chain orientation function (fc) and sample density (ρs) increased rapidly with DRt in the lower range (DRt 〈 30) and approached constant values of fc = 0.980-0.996 and ρs = 1.177-1.181 g/cm3, respectively, at higher DRt 〉 30-100. The tensile modulus also showed a similar increase with DRt. The tensile strength increased linearly with DRt, reaching a maximum, and decreased slightly at yet higher DRt. The highest modulus of 28.5 GPa and strength of 1.6 GPa were achieved with the highest Mv of 2.3 × 106. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 629-640, 1998
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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