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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin (IL)-6 expression transiently increases in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. To investigate the physiological significance of endogenous IL-6 expression and to identify the main signal pathway for the action of IL-6, we administered anti-mouse IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (IL-6RA), which blocks IL-6 signaling, to mice immediately after a 45-min period of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 6 h after MCAO, IL-6RA administration had resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) protein in the peri-infarct area of the cortex. At 24 h after MCAO, blockade of IL-6 signaling had led to an increase in number of apoptotic cells in the peri-infarct area and enlargement of the size of the infarct, and it had adversely affected neurological function. These results suggest that endogenous IL-6 plays a critical role in preventing damaged neurons from undergoing apoptosis in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and that its role may be mediated by Stat3 activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7575-7580 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermodynamical stability of a superconducting La-326 compound, La1.8Sr0.2CaCu2O6, was studied by observing the phase formation at high pressures and decomposition at high temperatures. The superconducting La-326 compound, which was synthesized by means of an oxygen hot isostatic press annealing was found to be stable up to 800 °C at ambient pressure. When post-annealed at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C, the amount of superconductive volume fraction was increased and TcR=0 was also enhanced. When post-annealed at temperatures higher than 800 °C, La-326 started to decompose and the amount of secondary 214(T-structure) phase increased. It was confirmed that high-pressure annealing at an oxygen pressure of 10 atm was required to form the superconducting La-326 phase, which exhibits Tc of higher than 40 K. The high-pressure annealing conditions, such as Ar-to-oxygen ratio and annealing temperature, were optimized in order to make the La-326 phase superconductive. It was concluded that an oxygen pressure of at least 10 atm was required to "superconductor-ize'' the La-326 phase, regardless of the magnitude of total pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3190-3193 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting 326 samples, La2−xSrxCaCu2Oz with x=0.2 and 0.4, which exhibited superconducting onsets at temperatures (Tonc's) higher than 40 K were successfully synthesized using hot-isostatic-pressing (HIP) techniques. As starting materials, powders of conventional carbonates (SrCO3 and CaCO3) and oxides (La2O3 and CuO) were employed. Sintering of the samples was made at a variety of temperatures (Ts) for 72 h in flowing O2 gas (of 1 atm). The sintered samples were post-annealed at various temperatures (Ta) for 6 h in a mixture of 80% Ar gas and 20% O2 gas of the total pressure of 1000 atm by means of HIP techniques. Optimum combinations of Ts and Ta were determined for obtaining superconducting samples. Single-phase samples were obtained only for the composition La1.8Sr0.2CaCu2Oz for which the oxygen content, z, was determined to be 6.01±0.01 by coulometric titration. It was concluded that Ta was a crucially important factor for obtaining superconducting 326 phase with Tonc (approximately-greater-than) 40 K, that is, Ta (approximately-greater-than) 970 °C was required (for 6-h HIP annealing). It was demonstrated that a long HIP annealing was necessary to obtain a significant volume fraction for the superconducting 326 phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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