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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations on the development of S-A and A-V nodal tissues in the human embryonic heart (1965)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 124 (1965), S. 562-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of the S-A and A-V nodes in the 15 human embryonic hearts revealed specific morphological characteristics of the tissue. In the embryonic S-A node muscle, a diffuse distribution of abundant mitochondria and ribosomes as well as of slim myofibrils was noted, while in the adjacent atrial myocardium glycogen occupied a vast area of the cytoplasm so as to leave myofibrils and scanty mitochondria in the peripheral part of the cell. Intrasarcoplasmic smooth-surfaced membrane system appeared in the S-A node muscle first at the 4 months stage. Embryonic A-V node muscle was characterized by its enormously rich content of fat droplets, which were in close association with glycogen. Extremely scanty nerve supply in the embryonic A-V node region examined was in a peculiar contrast to an earlier, abundant invasion of nerves into the S-A node.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520847
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the fine structure of the nerve terminals in the human myocardium (1970)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 108 (1970), S. 324-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human myocardium ; Innervation ; Nerve endings ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscope studies of axons, distributing singly or in small bundles in the human ventricular and atrial myocardium, indicate a few per-cent of the axon profiles to be significantly large in diameter (1.5–3.0 μ). They are characteristically packed with a profuse number of mitochondria along with large granular vesicles, glycogen rosettes, lysosomic bodies; and some of them terminate on a “specific terminal cell” (Knoche and Schmitt). These mitochondria-rich, large axons are assumed to be terminal portions of the cardiac afferents. About half of the axons encountered in the ventricle and 2/3 in the atrium are non-vesiculated, usually less than 0.5 μ. in diameter. The varicosities containing numerous vesicles are mostly 0.5–1.5 μ in diameter and are assumed to be terminal portions of the cardiac efferents. The ratio between the number of axon profiles containing small granular vesicles and that of axon profiles containing agranular vesicles without small granular vesicles is 2∶1 in the ventricular myocardium and 1∶1.7 in the atrial myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336523
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct contact between a neuron soma and myocardial cells; an electronmicroscopic finding in the sinus venosus of the turtle heart (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 179 (1974), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of the turtle sinus venosus shows an unusual neuron soma which is immediately surrounded by myocardial cells so as to form a somato-muscular complex. Studies of 36 sections cut through this neuron soma indicate that 27.4% of the somal surface studied is directly covered by cardiac muscle cells without any intervening basal lamina. Similarly, 18.8% of the somal surface studied is in contact with unmyelinated axons which at places make typical axosomatic synapses. A coupling of peripheral cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma exists at the somato-muscular contiguity as well as at the border between cardiac muscle cells. It is suggested that neural influences upon the pacemaking activity of the turtle heart sinus can well be exerted through the somato-muscular pathway. Additionally, an axon which is presynaptic to the neuron soma has been observed to be simultaneously in a synaptic relation with a cardiac muscle cell; a remarkable deviation from the classical picture of the efferent nervous outflow to the heart.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091790409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of cardiac muscle in the hepatic portal vein wall of the mouse and rat (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 212 (1985), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cardiac myocytes have been shown to occur in the tunica media and adventitia at the region near the hepatic end of the portal vein of the mouse and rat, and have been studied by electron microscopy in the mouse portal vein. They measured 3-10 μm in breadth at their nuclear level, possessed centrally located nuclei, and were connected with each other by the intercalated disk. In these myocytes in the mouse portal vein, sarcoplasmic reticulum was represented by a rather simple and loose network of the anastomosing tubules. The membrane-bound granules, which closely resemble the atrial specific granules, were found in many of the mouse portal vein myocytes. Transverse tubules, 40-200 nm in diameter, were sometimes detectable at the Z line level. The nexus occupied about 3-5% of the whole junctional area between cardiac myocytes in the tunica media, whereas in the tunica adventitia the corresponding value was about 17%. Blood capillaries with fenestrated endothelium supplied the cardiac myocytes in the adventitia of mouse portal vein. The closest relationship between the adrenergic axon and portal vein cardiac myocytes was observed to be ca. 0.3 μm apart. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to pulsations of the portal vein.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092120104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal synapses between cholinergic axons and small granule-containing cells in the rat cardiac ganglion (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 195-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of the rat cardiac ganglion shows occurence of small granule-containing cells that form reciprocal synaptic junctions with cholinergic terminals. At the synaptic junctions which are from axon to granule-containing cell, the intraaxonal vesicles are clustered against the junctional axolemma, but dense-cored vesicles in the postynaptic cell do not cluster towards the membrane densities in these synapses. By contrast, the synaptic zone polarized in the opposite direction shows an absence of axonal vesicles in close proximity to the postsynaptic axolemma, but there is a marked aggregation of dense-cored vesicles towards the presynaptic specializations of granule-containing cells. The synaptic zones are multifocal rather than bifocal, and the minimal distance separating each synaptic zone is about 0.3 μ. These findings may indicate that cholinergic excitation of some or all granule-containing cells causes a reciprocal inhibition of one or more cholinergic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence and electron microscopy of the monoamine-containing cells in the turtle heart (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart innervation (Turtle) ; Monomamine-containing cells ; Synapses ; Fluorescence and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fluorescence and electron microscopy of the turtle heart indicates the presence of monoamine-containing, granulated cells in the wall of venous sinus and near the openings of the aortic trunks. These cells occur in clusters and are always in association with nerve fibers and/or ganglion cells within the turtle heart. Vesiculated axon terminals make a synaptic contact with the cytolemma of the granulated cell which in turn makes a synapse to the processes from the other granulated cell and to the cardiac nerve fibers. The close contact occurs also between the granulated cell process and the smooth muscle cell membrane in the wall of large vessels. The granulated cell has no special relationship to the blood capillaries. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to nervous control of the cardiac activity of the turtle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307057
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural studies of the sino-auricular nodal tissue in the heart of a teleost fish, misgurnus, with particular reference to the cardiac internuncial cell (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 138 (1973), S. 407-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sino-auricular nodal tissue of the heart of the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cantor) contains (1) myocardial cells receiving rich innervation, (2) isolated nerve cells, and (3) cardiac internuncial cells which are interposed between autonomic axon terminals and myocardial cells. Structural specializations are noted at the synapse between the autonomic axon and the myocardial cell, as well as at the axon-internuncial cell synapse. Between the internuncial cell and the myocardial cell, attachment plaques are present with a patchy locus of a close junction, wherein the extracellular space appears to be almost obliterated. Estimations were made of the surface areas of an internuncial cell body and a nerve cell body as revealed by serial sampling of the tissue at about 0.5 μ intervals. The results show that for an internuncial cell body followed over a length of 15 μ, 52.5% of its total surface is covered by vesiculated axons, 3.8% by non-vesiculated axons, 12.2% by myocardial cells, and 3.1% by Schwann cell processes; for a nerve cell body followed over a length of 16 μ, only 1.8% is covered by vesiculated axons, 0.5% by non-vesiculated axons, nil by myocardial cells, and 96.4% by a satellite cell and its processes. It is considered that the internuncial cell represents a specialized cell type in the nodal tissue of the fish heart, playing a role in modulating the autonomic nerve impulses before they are transmitted to the effector myocardial cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001380402
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the mouse superior cervical ganglion, with particular reference to the pre- and postganglionic elements covering the soma of its principal neurons (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 140 (1974), S. 281-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of superior cervical ganglia of the mouse shows both pre- and postganglionic elements impinging upon the soma of principal neurons. The preganglionic cholinergic axon terminals are estimated to cover about 0.7% of the total surface area of the neuronal soma and are characterized by dense packing of synaptic vesicles which remain unchanged after the administration of 5-hydroxydopamine. Postganglionic elements are estimated to cover about 1.8% of the total surface of the neuronal soma. In many cases they contain small granular vesicles (with or without agranular reticulum), and are considered to be represented in part by vesiculated segments of the dendrite and in part by recurrent axon collaterals of the principal neuron. These postganglionic elements usually make puncta adhaerentes, but occasionally an efferent synapse, on the soma of principal neurons in the ganglion. Evidence is presented which suggests that the soma, in turn, is capable of influencing the perisomal, postganglionic elements through a somatic efferent synapse.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001400211
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