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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 19 (1993), S. 204-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Weaning prediction ; Ventilator ; Weaning index ; Rapid shallow breathing ; Breathing pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To compane the accuracy of PI/ PImax ratio and other commonly used indices in predicting weaning outcome. Design A prospective study. Setting Intensive care unit. Patients 31 stable intubated patients ready to undergo weaning trial. Methods A simple method was developed to measure the PI and PImax in intubated patients. The accuracy of PI/PImax ratio and other commonly used indices in predicting outcome were compared. All indices were measured prior to weaning trial using standardized methods. Measurements and results Minute ventilation of the successful patients (13.00±0.67 (SE) l/min) was not significantly different from the failure patients (10.64±1.26 l/min,p=0.10). The PI and PImax for the successful patients (11.48±1.25 cmH2O and 47.77±4.48 cm H2O, respectively) and the unsuccessful, patients (14.32±2.31 cmH2O and 40.16±4.55 cmH2O respectively) were also not significantly different (p=0.28 and 0.24 respectively). The PI/PImax ratio was lower for the weaning successes (0.26±0.03) than for the weaning failures (0.36±0.04,p〈0.05). The threshold value of 0.3 for PI/PImax provided the best separation between weaning success and failure patients. The combined usage of rapid shallow breathing index and PI/PImax ratio provided the highest accuracy with sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.93. Conclusion The PI/PImax ratio provided a good separation between the patients who were successfully weaned and those who failed. It provides additional discriminative power to f/VT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Tenax-TA sampling ; Thermal desorption ; Preconcentration ; Flame ionization detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By participating in an International Hydrocarbons Intercomparison Experiment, a method for the determination of nonmethane hydrocarbons was evaluated. The method involves Tenax-TA sampling, thermal desorption and preconcentration combined with capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Sixty target compounds from C2 to C11 were separated by using a megabore capillary column with a thick film of bonded nonpolar siloxane stationary phase (5 μm, Rtx-1). The unusually thick film in the column was an advantage for resolving light hydrocarbons (C2−C3) at room temperature. The percent difference between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and our laboratory in the intercomparison experiment is in the range of 0.99%–19.70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1313-1321 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The etch-decoration transmission electron microscopy technique was used to measure the turnover frequencies of the C-CO2 reaction in the temperature range 600-900°C. The absolute rate constants of the elementary rate steps were determined, and were in reasonably good agreement with statistical theories. The rates on monolayer steps of graphite were higher than those on multilayer steps by approximately four orders of magnitude at 800°C, because the C—O bond in the reaction intermediate is stronger by about 9 kcal/mol on the monolayer steps. The rates of vacancy formation in the lattice were also determined. The vacancies are formed by atomic oxygen dissociated from CO2.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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