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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AGEING HAS NO EFFECT ON THE VOLUME DENSITY OF HEPATOCYTES, RETICULOENDOTHELIAL CELLS OR THE EXTRACELLULAR SPACE IN LIVERS OF FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The hepatic reticuloendothelial cell population is generally assumed to increase in size, along with the liver, during ageing in rats. However, this has not been rigorously established.2. Using electron microscopy and stereological techniques, the present study has shown that the volume densities of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (and probably also of endothelial cells, fat storing cells and the extracellular space) of the livers of female Sprague-Dawley rats are the same at 2 and 24–25 months of age.3. This result indicates that the increase in size of the liver during ageing in the rat is associated with an equivalent increase in the volume of each cell population and the extracellular space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00501.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biliary epithelial trefoil peptide expression is increased in biliary diseases (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Histopathology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Biliary epithelial trefoil peptide expression is increased in biliary diseases Aims: Maintenance of the cellular integrity of the biliary epithelium may involve the production of mucins and mucin-associated peptides. In the luminal gastrointestinal tract, mucins and the mucin-associated trefoil peptides (TFF) are integral to cytoprotection and cellular repair of the mucosa. Methods and results: Samples of normal and diseased human liver tissue were examined using histological and immunohistochemical techniques, for the expression of TFF and mucins. Bile ducts were classified as small, medium or large depending upon the number of biliary epithelial cells. TFF expression was demonstrated in biliary epithelial cells of both normal and diseased liver tissue. TFF expression was greatest in the large bile ducts. In normal liver tissue, expression of at least one TFF was demonstrated in 2–7% of small bile ducts, 5–31% of medium bile ducts and 31–85% of large bile ducts. Seventy-seven percent of large bile ducts secreted mucins and all three TFF concurrently, compared with 3% of medium bile ducts and no small bile ducts. Biliary disease resulted in an increased expression of TFF1 and TFF3 in the medium bile ducts. Conclusions: The biliary epithelial cells in normal and diseased human liver tissue express TFF, particularly in the larger bile ducts. TFF expression may be up-regulated or induced in biliary diseases as a response to injury, as is seen in epithelial damage elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01347.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric microbleeding following single and repeated dosing with naproxen (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Adaptation to gastric damage from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) has been observed during ongoing dosage in rats and humans. However, this does not always occur, and our previous data suggest that NSAID half-life may be a determining factor. Aim: To investigate whether adaptation occurs during 1 week of naproxen administration in humans. Subjects: Thirteen healthy volunteers were studied at baseline, and after me or seven daily doses of naproxen 750 mg. Gastric microbleeding was measured 4 h after naproxen in gastric washings collected during a 30-min period. Serum thromboxane B concentrations were also assayed, as a marker of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. Results: Mean blood loss after placebo was 0.60, μL/10 min (95% CI: 0.21–0.98). This rose to 2.15 (0.73–3.57) and 1.75 (0.74–2.76) μL/10 min after one and seven daily doses of naproxen, respectively (P 〈 0.05 vs. baseline: day 1 vs. 7 not significant). Thromboxane B concentrations were 〈 10% of control at both day 1 and 7 of dosing. Conclusion: In accord with our findings in rats, adaptation to this moderately long acting NSAID in humans was not apparent. We conclude that any adaptation to naproxen is unlikely to be clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00435.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers during treatment with vascular protective doses of aspirin (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Aspirin is valuable for preventing vascular events, but information about ulcer frequency is necessary to inform risk-benefit decisions in individual patients.Aim : To determine ulcer prevalence and incidence in a population representative of those given aspirin therapy and evaluate risk predictors.Methods : Patients taking aspirin 75–325 mg daily were recruited from four countries. Exclusions included use of gastroprotectant drugs or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We measured point prevalence of endoscopic ulcers, after quantitating dyspeptic symptoms. Incidence was assessed 3 months later in those eligible to continue (no baseline ulcer or reason for gastroprotectants).Results : In 187 patients, ulcer prevalence was 11% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3–15.1%]. Only 20% had dyspeptic symptoms, not significantly different from patients without ulcer. Ulcer incidence in 113 patients followed for 3 months was 7% (95% CI 2.4–11.8%). Helicobacter pylori infection increased the risk of a duodenal ulcer [odds ratio (OR) 18.5, 95% CI 2.3–149.4], as did age 〉70 for ulcers in stomach and duodenum combined (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3–8.7).Conclusions : Gastroduodenal ulcers are found in one in 10 patients taking low-dose aspirin, and most are asymptomatic; this needs considering when discussing risks/benefits with patients. Risk factors include older age and H. pylori (for duodenal ulcer).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02649.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric acid secretory capacity falls after repeated within-day pentagastrin testing in fed subjects (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Between-day pentagastrin testing yields highly reproducible stimulated gastric acid output values, but little is known of the reproducibility of repeated within-day pentagastrin tests. We have performed three pentagastrin tests within the 1 day in nine healthy subjects. Within-day tests were 6 hours apart; the first followed an overnight fast and the second and third were both 4 hours after a substantial meal. A further test was performed the following morning, again after an overnight fast, which allowed comparison of within-day and between-day testing. In the second and third within-day tests there was a marked decrease of stimulated gastric acid output, with both maximal and peak acid output decreased to approximately half of the value of the first test (P 〈 0.01). By contrast there were no significant differences in the acid output values obtained in between-day tests (both following an overnight fast). Possible mechanisms for the decreased output on repeated within-day testing include alterations in the sensitivity of the gastrin receptor, or some neurohumoral influence secondary to the preceding meal. Future studies of the duration of action of drugs affecting acid secretion may need to take account of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00624.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of histopathological response to cadmium in gill and digestive diverticula of the mussel,Mytilus edulis (1986)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1986), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623487
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repair of Rat Gastric Mucosa (Effect of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2) (1997)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 654-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: GASTRIC MUCOSA ; RESTITUTION ; PROSTAGLANDIN E2 ; INJURY ; ASPIRIN ; ETHANOL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostaglandins protect the gastric mucosaagainst a variety of injurious agents and may acceleratethe recovery of the gastric mucosa following damage. Inprevious studies prostaglandins were given prior to the injurious agent, so it was not possibleto distinguish their potential effects on acceleratingrepair or reducing initial damage. We have investigatedthe effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) on the repair of thegastric muscosa after injury induced by severalinjurious agents. dmPGE2 was given orally 15min prior to aspirin or sodium salicylate, or 30 minafter aspirin, sodium salicylate, or ethanol. dmPGE2 delivered priorto injury reduced the aspirin-induced fall in mucosalpotential difference (PD), but had no effect on thatinduced by sodium salicylate. dmPGE2administered after ASA injury significantly increased recovery of PD (P 〈0.05), but did not alter the rate of recovery of PD withother damaging agents. Histological damage was decreasedin rats treated with dmPGE2 after aspirincompared to aspirin-only-treated rats (P 〈 0.02).Exogenous dmPGE2 protects and restoresgastric mucosal integrity after aspirin damage but hasno effect on the repair of sodium salicylate and ethanolinjured mucosa, suggesting that repair of the gastric mucosaafter aspirin damage is enhanced by dmPGE2due to its ability to prevent ongoing damage, ratherthan directly enhancing repair processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018828016573
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbenoxolone sodium on aspirin-induced injury of the rat gastric mucosa (1974)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 19 (1974), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Investigations were performed in the rat to examine the effect of carbenoxolone sodium on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. Mucosal damage was quantitated histologically in the body of the stomach (corpus) after a single dose of aspirin and after 2 weeks of daily aspirin. Over dosage ranges of 2–30 mg/kg/day of carbenoxolone and 10–120 mg/kg of aspirin, carbenoxolone treatment conferred no protection, despite evidence of a significant carbenoxolone effect on gastric mucus. This contrasts with the known protective action of carbenoxolone against injury by restraint stress and by corticosteroids. Much current evidence suggests that the mechanisms of erosion production by aspirin differ from those by restraint stress and corticosteroids, and it is likely that the present findings reflect such differences in pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01072538
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of the gastric mucosa to repeated administration of aspirin in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 18 (1973), S. 881-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of single and repeated doses of aspirin on the gastric mucosa of the rat were compared to determine whether the mucosal response alters after repeated aspirin. Aspirin (120 mg/kg) was administered by esophageal intubation either as a single dose or daily for 3, 14, 28 and 56 days. Mucosal damage was present in all treated rats but, on histologic quantitation, there was a highly significant reduction in the numbers of acute erosions in the groups receiving repeated daily aspirin. This apparent adaptation did not persist when aspirin administration was interrupted for 3 days. Repeated aspirin administration was not associated with any reduction in aspirin absorption or excretion, nor was there any significant change in hydrochloric acid or pepsin secretion. The investigation has shown an adaptation to repeated aspirin in the rat which appears to result from an alteration in the gastric mucosa. The precise mechanism of the adaptation remains uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073339
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of gastric mucosa after aspirin-induced injury in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 18 (1973), S. 773-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Regeneration of gastric mucosa damaged by aspirin was studied in 6-week-old rats, using histologic and autoradiographic technics. Aspirin (120 mg/kg) was given by esophageal intubation either in a single dose or each day for 14 days. After a single dose, two types of lesion were observed in the mucosa of the body of the stomach: (a) superficial erosions which were already present after 30 minutes and which completely healed within 24 hours; (b) deeper erosions, reaching maximal numbers at 4 hours, which healed slowly with a median disappearance time of 5 days and which were associated with a focal increase in3H-thymidine-labeled cells. The peak increase in labeling occurred between 16 and 48 hours. The pattern and rate of healing was not altered by repeated daily aspirin. The investigation has demonstrated slow healing of deep mucosal erosions caused by aspirin; the slow healing can be explained by destruction of the progenitor zone by the initial injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070847
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