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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies of mitotic adenohypophysial cells in different ages of rats (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary cells ; Mitosis ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mitotic rates of the six types of immunohistochemically identifiable adenohypophysial cells were histometrically calculated in colchicine-pretrated male rats 5, 17, 30 and 70 days old. Sections were stained with the antisera against rLH, rFSH, rTSH, oGH, rPRL and pACTH1–39. The mitotic growth rate of the anterior pituitary gland at 30 days of age was much higher than at other times. Mitotic growth rates of GH and PRL cells increased with advancing age, while those of ACTH-, TSH- and immunonegative cells decreased with advancing age. LH/FSH cells showed no variation in mitotic growth rate with age. Mitotic cells can be classified into six cell types based on their fine structural properties: (1) agranular cells associated with the folliculo-stellate cells; (2) ambiguous cells with scanty minute secretory granules (50–150 nm in diameter); (3) basophils with a number of small secretory granules (130–200 nm); (4) immature acidophils whose large secretory granules (130–300 nm) are sporadically scattered; (5) acidophils with numerous spherical larger secretory granules (200–300 nm); and (6) prolactin cells with large polymorphic granules. At day 5 there was a high mitotic rate of the agranular and ambiguous cells [types (1) and (2)]; at day 70 a high mitotic rate was found in immature and mature acidophils [types (4) and (5)]. The mitotic rate of basophils (type 3) was high only at day 17 and low at all other times. The mitotic rate of prolactin cells (type 6) showed a slight increment with advancing age. It is concluded that the mitotic rates of the six cell types are age-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304582
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural criteria of prolactin cells identified immunohistochemically in the male rat (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 202 (1982), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) cells in the adult male rat pituitary were observed by light microscopy to be scattered throughout the gland without special localization but sometimes to form small clusters consisting of five to ten cells. The cells had oval, polygonal, and cuplike shapes. Using the “superimposition technique,” the fine structural properties of the PRL cells were examined on ultrathin sections just adjacent to the thick plastic section for immunostaining. Four cell types were distinguished: (1) oval, polygonal, and elongate cells with only small spherical granules, 130-200 nm in diameter; (2) oval or polygonal cells with both medium-sized spherical granules (250-300 nm) and about same size of polymorphic granules; (3) polygonal cells containing only large polymorphic granules (300-700 nm in maximal diameter); (4) cup-shaped PRL cells with spherical and small polymorphic granules. Furthermore, the prolactin immunoreactivity of these cell types was confirmed by the electron immunohistochemistry. Type 1 cells resemble, in fine structure, Kurosumi-Oota LH-gonadotrophs, but the former are not stained with anti-rat LHβ serum, but with anti-rat PRL serum. Although the functional relationship between these four types of cells is still unclear, it is concluded that the polymorphic shape of the granules is not necessarily an absolute criterion for identification of the PRL cell in the male.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092020211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural criteria for pituitary thyrotrophs in immature and mature rats (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 204 (1982), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fine structural criteria for identifying thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cells in immature and mature rats have been studied by a modified superimposition technique. On days 10 and 20, some small oval immature TSH cells are scattered individually throughout the glandular tissue with a peripheral immunoreactive rim resulting from the sparse distribution of minute secretory granules less than 50 nm in diameter. The immunostained stellate TSH cells are clustered and have secretory granules 50-100 nm in diameter at the cell margins. On day 60, a few small immature TSH cells still remain. Although a few polygonal TSH cells that may not fully mature accumulate secretory granules 100-150 nm in diameter at the cell margins, the majority of TSH cells take the form of large stellate cells filled with secretory granules with the corresponding diameter, and surround an acidophil. These stellate TSH cells are characterized by dense arrangement of parallel arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) or rER cisternae. The clustered or isolated elongate TSH cells are also observed to be vesiculated and to have numerous secretory granules 150-250 nm in diameter. In addition, large oval vesiculated TSH cells storing numerous secretory granules 150-250 nm in diameter appear sporadically in the gland, ultrastructurally resembling the gonadotrophs. It is concluded that the rat TSH cell is not a single type with a particular ultrastructure, but modifies its morphology according to its maturation or functional phase.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092040310
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells immunostained with S-100 protein antiserum in postnatal, castrated and thyroidectomized rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; S-100 protein ; Castration ; Thyroidectomy ; Postnatal development ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and associated cells were studied immunohistochemically throughout the life of male and female rats. The marginal layer cells of the pars distalis and intermedia as well as the folliculo-stellate cells were immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. The immunostained folliculo-stellate cells in one section were identified as themselves by their ultrastructural properties on the adjacent section. Corticotrophs, thyrotrophs and prolactin cells, characterized by the stellate shape, were not immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. Reactivity for S-100 protein appeared on postnatal Day 6 in the marginal layer cells of the pars intermedia, and appeared on Day 10 in those cells of the pars distalis. No immunostained folliculostellate cells appeared before Day 6, but a few of them appeared on Day 10. Thereafter they increased in number, having more intense immunostaining with advancing age. In castrated rats, the immunostained folliculo-stellate cells appeared quite numerously, with branched cytoplasmic processes surrounding the gonadotrophs. In the thyroidectomized rats, however, folliculo-stellate cells lacked ramified cytoplasmic processes, and their topographic affinity for thyrotrophs was negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222177
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural and immunohistochemical studies of goat adenohypophysial cells (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Fine structure ; Pituitary cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Goat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of each type of anterior pituitary cell in the male goat was studied through the application of a superimposition technique in which adjacent thick sections were used to identify individual cells beforehand by light-microscopic immunohistochemistry. A cone of the pars intermedia protrudes into the pars anterior, being surrounded by the narrow pituitary cleft; the immunohistochemical appearances of the cells forming the cone resemble those of the pars anterior. Several follicles appear in the pars anterior. Ultrastructurally GH cells resemble prolactin cells. The secretory granules of both types are spherical; the diameter of the former is about 340 nm, whereas that of the latter is about 440 nm. ACTH cells are polygonal in shape with secretory granules, about 180 nm in diameter, scattered throughout the cytoplasm. TSH cells, which are spherical in shape, contain the smallest secretory granules, 150 nm in diameter. The highly electron-dense LH cells contain numerous secretory granules about 210 nm in diameter. Their nuclei are irregular with incisures. Thus, the anterior pituitary cells of the goat are ultrastructurally characteristic and species-specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222341
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulated folliculo-stellate cells and growth hormone cells immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum in the pituitary glands of the goat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Goat ; Folliculo-stellate cell ; GH cell ; S-100 protein ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Goat pituitary glands were immunohistochemically studied with antisera for bovine S-100 protein, rat LHβ, FSH, TSHβ, prolactin, ovine GH, and porcine ACTH1–39 by use of the superimposition technique on adjacent sections. Folliculo-stellate (F-S) cells were divided into two categories on the basis of ultrastructural properties: One consisted of a mass of agranular cells in which the pseudolumina were equipped with microvilli and cilia. Elongate gap junctions were often observed among these cells. The other was a group of granulated cells with or without pseudolumina. In this group the gap junctions were shown to be disintegrated. The dense granules 150–250 nm in diameter began to accumulate in the cells. However, neither type of these F-S cells was immunostained for S-100 protein. On the other hand, numerous polygonal, elongate, irregular or stellate cells containing S-100 protein were distributed throughout the gland. Most of them were immunohistochemically identical with the GH cells laden with the secretory granules 250–450 nm in diameter, but some of them were identical to TSH and prolactin cells which immunostained faintly for S-100 protein. This appears to be the first demonstration of GH cells intensely immunostained for S-100 protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229194
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural criteria for identifying rat corticotrophs (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary (rat) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Corticotroph ; ACTH cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structural characteristics of normal rat corticotrophs stained with anti-porcine ACTH1–39 serum were studied. At the ultrastructure level immunoreactive corticotrophs appear to comprise four distinct cell types: (1) large stellate cells (Siperstein cells) containing granules (170–250 nm in diameter) arranged in a peripheral row and usually embracing an acidophil; (2) elongate spindle-shaped cells (Moriarty cells) in which the secretory granules (170–250 nm in diameter) are distributed in a row or in small clusters in the peripheral cytoplasm; (3) oval or polygonal cells filled only with small secretory granules (130–170 nm in diameter), resembling the “acidophil of small granules type” (Yoshimura et al. 1974); and (4) polygonal or stellate cells filled with secretory granules of varying diameters (180–300 nm in diameter) and occasionally embracing an acidophil. The first type is the most common, but the others are infrequent. It is concluded that the criteria of Siperstein and Miller (1970) do not necessarily include all categories of rat corticotrophs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210144
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolactin immunoreactivity of acidophils of the small granule type (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars distalis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prolactin ; LH gonadotroph ; Acidophil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of some oval anterior pituitary cells of the adult male rats immunostained with an antiserum to rat prolactin was investigated electron microscopically on the adjacent thin sections. Their fine structural appearance is identical with that of acidophils of the small granule type (Yoshimura et al. 1974) resembling the Kurosumi-Oota LH gonadotrophs. The secretory granules of the oval cells are spherical in shape, ranging from 130 to 200 nm in diameter. Large polymorphic granules, which are generally believed to be characteristic of prolactin cells, are absent from their cytoplasm. It is concluded that the acidophil of the small granule type with a similar fine structure to the Kurosumi-Oota LH gonadotroph is a prolactin secreting cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233718
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A whole range of fine structural criteria for immunohistochemically identified LH cells in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary basophils ; Gonadotrophs ; LH Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pars anterior ; Cell identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitaries from normal, young and adult male rats were fixed either in sublimate-formalin or in glutaraldehyde-osmium. In adjacent Paraplast sections, almost all the gonadotrophs were immunostained with both LH and FSH antisera. The rat LHβ and FSH antisera used were shown to be highly specific by the absorption test and by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Thin and thick adjacent Epon sections were prepared for EM and immunohistochemical examination. Cells stained with the rat LHβ antiserum were identified by LM, and then observed in detail by EM. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the LH cells are arranged in a sequence of basophils, i.e., Types II/III, III, III/IV and IV: Type II/III basophils are elongate with a cytoplasmic process and less vesiculated. They have morphological features of Type II (classical thyrotrophs) and also of Type III basophils. Type III basophils are oval in shape and moderately vesiculated. Both Types II/III and III basophils can be divided into two classes of cell characterized mainly by the existence of only small secretory granules (150–220 nm in diameter) (Type A) or by the coexistence of small and large (350–500 nm) (Type B). Type III/IV basophils are cells intermediate between types III and IV basophils, and moderately vesiculated with an abundance of secretory granules (150–300 nm in diameter). Type IV basophils are large, spherical or oval cells whose RER cisternae are conspicuously dilated; they contain less numerous secretory granules (150–300 nm in diameter). It is concluded that LH cells are not a single cell type, but include a wide range of subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233820
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of anterior pituitary cells in the female Afghan pika, Ochotona rufescens rufescens (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 627-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gonadotropes ; Growth hormone cells ; Prolactin cells ; Thyrotropes ; Corticotropes ; Ochotona rufescens rufescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study of the anterior pituitary gland of the female Afghan pika was carried out to distinguish the ultrastructural features of GH, PRL, ACTH, TSH and LH cells. The histochemically identified GH cells resembled ultrastructurally oval or round GH cells of the rat laden with large, dense secretory granules. PRL cells were divided into three subtypes based on differences in the diameter of their spherical secretory granules. They lacked polymorphic or irregularly shaped secretory granules. ACTH cells resembled ultrastructurally, in some respects, Siperstein's “corticotrophs” of the rat with peripheral arrangement of secretory granules. However, they were not always stellate, but elongate or angular in shape. The dense secretory granules were concentrated in the peripheral area of cytoplasm. TSH cells were non-stellate, but usually oval in shape, containing the smallest spherical secretory granules (100–200 nm in diameter). Almost all LH cells reacted also with FSH antiserum. They were irregular in shape, sometimes in contact with or surrounded the GH cells. They contained an abundance of medium-sized secretory granules (140–260 nm in diameter) which were larger than those in the LH cells of the female rat throughout the estrous cycle. Large secretory granules in the LH cells of the female pika seemed to be related to the endocrine state of persistent estrus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212543
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