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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Type of Retinoic Acid Receptor Antagonist: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Heterocyclic Ring-Containing Benzoic Acid Derivatives (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 38 (1995), S. 3163-3173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00016a020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration in hypnotic effect of pentobarbital following repeated agonistic confrontations in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentobarbital hypnosis ; Naloxone ; Defeat ; Attack ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated how repeated agonistic confrontations affect the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital (PB) in male mice, using a resident-intruder paradigm. PB concentrations in the cortex, midbrain and brainstem were determined. Agonistic confrontations were terminated after 10 or 20 attack bites, and were repeated for 5 consecutive days. Immediately after the last encounter, PB (55 mg/kg, IP) was administered to both resident and intruder mice. Compared to the control group, intruders exposed to 20 daily attack bites showed a significant prolongation of the latency to sleep and a shortening of the duration of sleeping time. At the stage of induction, no significant difference in brain PB levels was found between the “defeated” and control intruders. At the stage of recovery, however, the “defeated” intruders showed a significantly low level of PB in all brain areas. In contrast, attacking resident mice did not show any significant changes in either the hypnotic effect or regional brain concentration of PB. Because pretreatment with naloxone prior to daily agonistic confrontation antagonized the alteration in PB-induced hypnosis, it seems that endogenous opioid mechanisms may participate in this phenomenon. The present study indicates that susceptibility to a hypnotic drug can be altered by chronic social conflict experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and chronic effects of psychotropic drugs on maternal aggression in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Maternal aggression ; Psychotropic drugs ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Imipramine ; Haloperidol ; Female mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated the acute and chronic effects of psychotropic drugs on maternal aggression in mice. All female mice had been singly housed since the end of the 4-day mating period. Behavioral testing for acute drug effects was carried out on postpartum days 5 and 7. Chronic drug treatment was started immediately after removal of the partner male, and was terminated on the 3rd postpartum day; behavioral testing was done on the 5th postpartum day. Acute administration of chlordiazepoxide (CDP; 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, IP) showed a biphasic effect on maternal aggression; 10 mg/kg CDP significantly increased the frequency of bites, while 15 mg/kg CDP significantly decreased it. Imipramine (IMP; 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, IP) decreased the frequency of bites in a dose-dependent manner. Haloperidol (HAL; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, IP) also decreased the frequency of bites dose dependently, but 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg HAL decreased both the frequency and duration of locomotion. Chronic treatment with either CDP (5 and 10 mg/kg, IP) or HAL (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, IP) failed to alter the frequency of bites, while IMP (5 and 10 mg/kg, IP) decreased the frequency of bites. This evidence indicates that the antidepressant imipramine has a specific action in alleviating postpartum female aggression, and suggests that female aggression in mice is a useful tool for differentiating the actions of psychtropic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439447
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ginseng root prevents learning disability and neuronal loss in gerbils with 5-minute forebrain ischemia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Passive avoidance task ; Delayed neuronal ; death ; Synapse ; Ginseng root ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective activity of ginseng roots in 5-min ischemic gerbils using a step-down passive avoidance task and subsequent neuron and synapse counts in the hippocampal CA1 region. The following drugs were administered for 7 days before the induced ischemia: red ginseng powder (RGP), crude ginseng saponin (CGS), crude ginseng non-saponin (CGNS), and pure ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1 and Ro. Oral administration of RGP significantly prevented the ischemia-induced decrease in response latency, as determined by the passive avoidance test, and rescued a significant number of ischemic hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal injections of CGS exhibited a similar neuroprotective effect. CGNS had a significant but less potent protective effect against impaired passive avoidance task and degeneration of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly prolonged the response latency of ischemic gerbils and rescued a significant number of ischemic CA1 pyramidal neurons, whereas ginisenosides Rg1 and Ro were ineffective. Postischemic treatment with RGP, CGS or ginsenoside Rb1 was ineffective. The neuroprotective activities of RGP, CGS and ginsenoside Rb1 were confirmed by electron microscopy counts of synapses in individual strata of the CA1 field of ischemic gerbils pretreated with the drugs. These findings suggest that RGP and CGS are effective in the prevention of delayed neuronal death, and that ginsenoside Rb1 is one of the neuroprotective molecules within ginseng root.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050387
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disruption of primate social behavior by d-amphetamine and cocaine: Differential antagonism by antipsychotics (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Social behavior ; Aggression ; Affiliative behavior ; Agonistic behavior ; Stereotypies ; Motor activity ; d-Amphetamine ; Cocaine ; Chlorpromazine ; Haloperidol ; Physostigmine ; Animal model of psychotic behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Psychostimulants lead to withdrawal from social interactions and to a decline of affective behavior in squirrel monkeys. These changes, in addition to motor stereotypies, may be related to stimulant-induced psychosis in humans. In the first of two series of experiments, 1 mg/kg d-amphetamine or 10 mg/kg cocaine, administered orally three times over 24 h to one adult male member of an established group (n=6–9), engendered stereotyped movements of the head and hands, reduced rest postures, and greatly reduced all forms of social initiatives. Chlorpromazine (0.25–1.0 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg), and physostigmine (0.04, 0.08 mg/kg), administered before the third amphetamine or cocaine injection, blocked the motor stereotypies and hyperactivity. Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and physostigmine did not reliably antagonize the pronounced reduction in social behavior. The second series of experiments focused on agonistic behavior in the context of resident-intruder confrontations and on affiliative behavior toward group members. d-Amphetamine (3×0.5 mg/kg) and, to a lesser extent, cocaine (3×10 mg/kg) decreased affiliative and agonistic behavior. Chlorpromazine (0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.1, 0.25 mg/kg) did not block the severe disruption of the affiliative and agonistic behavior in amphetamine-treated monkeys; physostigmine (0.06 mg/kg) reversed the decline in time spent close to the familiar monkey in amphetamine-treated monkeys. By contrast, stimulant-induced stereotypies were effectively antagonized by chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and physostigmine. These results suggest that psychostimulant-induced changes in primate social behavior may be mediated by mechanisms other than those underlying motor stereotypies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435272
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced Selective Lymphatic Delivery of Cyclosporin A by Solubilizers and Intensified Immunosuppressive Activity Against Mice Skin Allograft (1986)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 3 (1986), S. 48-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: cyclosporin A ; lymphatic delivery ; immunosuppressive activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The absorption and lymphatic delivery of a new immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporin A (CsA), were studied in rats by administering CsA orally after solubilization with HCO-60 (polyoxyethylated hydrogenated castor oil), sugar ester, and oils. After the administration of solubilized CsA (7 mg/kg) to rats with thoracic lymph duct cannulas, both plasma and lymph CsA levels were measured over 6 hr. The lymph CsA levels were strongly affected by the solubilizers. The rank order of the solubilizers in enhancing lymph absorption was HCO-60 (57 µg/ml) 〉 sugar ester (46 µg/ml) 〉 sesame oil (3.5 µg/ml) 〉 linoleic acid (0.4 µg/ml), where the parentheses show the maximum lymph CsA levels. Plasma CsA levels were below 2 µg/ml in each group of animals and were barely altered by the solubilizers. These results support the selective lymphatic delivery of CsA with solubilizers such as HCO-60 and sugar ester. The immunosuppressive activity of CsA (1 mg/kg) solubilized with HCO-60 was nearly equivalent to the sesame oil solution with 7 to 15 mg/kg CsA in the skin-allograft mice model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016324932378
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of adrenergic α-receptors in regulation of acetylcholine release evoked by distension of guinea pig ileum (1986)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 1249-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The significance of adrenergic nerves in the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release evoked by distension of the guinea pig ileum was evaluated by pharmacological manipulations. ACh release was measured by bioassay. Release in response to distension was completely abolished by epinephrine and norepinephrine. Tyramine also suppressed the distension-evoked ACh release, while dopamine was ineffective. The release of ACh in the anal segment, adjacent to the distended part, was abolished by epinephrine and norepinephrine. Dibenamine and phentolamine abolished ACh release anal to the distension, but augmented release orally, while dichloroisoproterenol and propranolol were ineffective. The present results give direct evidence that adrenergic nerves modulate cholinergic transmission in the myenteric plexus through α-receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296528
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preventive and curative effects of prostaglandins on stress ulcer in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 436-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: prostaglandins ; stress ulcer ; preventive effect ; curative effect ; endoscopic observation ; rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated the preventive and curative effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on gastric ulcer in rats induced by physical or psychological stresses; some rats were electrically shocked, while others were exposed to affective stimuli arising from the shocked animals. The synthetic PGs dimethyl-PGE2 and rioprostil were administered orally, and their preventive effect on gastric ulceration was evaluated by determining the incidence and the ulcer index of lesions. The curative effect of drugs on ulcer healing was evaluated by determining a time-dependent change in the mucosal surface of the stomach with an endoscopic technique. Oral administration of dimethyl-PGE2 or rioprostil (25 and 50 Μg/kg) prevented gastric ulceration significantly. Oral administration of these drugs (50 Μg/kg, twice per day) significantly promoted the healing process of lesions 24 and 36 hr after termination of stress loading. The present results give direct evidence of the curative effect of PGs on stress ulcers and suggest that application of the endoscopic technique to the pathology of the rat's stomach may be a substantial aid in the preclinical evaluation of antiulcer drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536268
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