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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical glyceryl trinitrate: a possible treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 22 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is difficult in both the old and new worlds. However, nitric oxide (NO) is involved in host cell mediated immune responses against intracellular parasites such as Leish-mania major, and both in vitro and in vivo immunological studies indicate that Leishmania parasite killing- by macrophages is mediated by this substance. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is an exogenous NO donor; we have successfully treated a young man with cutaneous leishmaniasis with topical GTN. We believe this to be the first reported use of GTN in the treatment of human CL.Cutancous leishmaniasis (CL) is prevalent in the Middle East and poses a difficult therapeutic problem.1 GTN is known to be an exogenous donor of nitric oxide (NO).2 Previous studies have indicated that the killing of Leishmania parasites by macrophages is mediated by NO.3–5 We have therefore treated a young man with CI. with topical GTN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1997.tb01079.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytotoxic effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on keratinocytes in vitro (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Previous work has shown that cutaneous microbial species associated with skin conditions of microbial aetiology are susceptible to killing by photodynamic therapy (PDT) using visible light and methylene blue. Antimicrobial PDT (APDT) in vivo would require a therapeutic regimen where bacteria could be killed without damaging adjacent tissue. Objectives To study keratinocyte killing in vitro using APDT. Methods We used a combination of methylene blue (100 μg mL−1) and visible light␣(42 mW cm−2), previously used for microbial killing, to study cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes. Kill rates and subsequent D-values were determined against a human keratinocyte cell line (H103) using trypan blue and neutral red dye viability tests. Results The kill rates for keratinocytes were exponential over the 90- and 180-min period of the experiment for neutral red and trypan blue, respectively. The corresponding D-values were shown to be 198 and 205 min using trypan blue exclusion and neutral red uptake viability tests, respectively. Conclusions The kill rates for keratinocytes were 18–200-fold slower than those previously determined for cutaneous microbial species, suggesting that in vivo, APDT sufficient to reduce microbes by seven log cycles would have little cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes. This approach may offer a safe alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04623.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: assessment of genotoxic effects on keratinocytes in vitro (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Work has shown that cutaneous microbial species associated with skin conditions of microbial aetiology are susceptible to killing by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) using visible light and methylene blue. Objectives To evaluate immediate and delayed genotoxicity of APDT on keratinocytes in vitro. Methods A combination of methylene blue (100 µg mL−1) and visible light (42 mW cm−2), as used in studies of microbe and keratinocyte cytotoxicity, was employed to test a human keratinocyte cell line (H103) for genotoxic damage by comet assay. Results The comet assay was able to detect genotoxic damage in H2O2-treated keratinocytes (positive control). APDT did not cause either immediate or delayed genotoxic damage in keratinocytes following APDT of up to 180 min. Conclusions APDT sufficient to reduce microbes by seven log cycles showed no detectable genotoxic effects on keratinocytes. APDT applied in vivo may represent a useful low-risk alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatment in dermatology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05091.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Killing of cutaneous microbial species by photodynamic therapy (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers and light. Whereas PDT use in cancer treatment has been widely accepted, antimicrobial PDT (APDT) is still in its early stages of development. Objectives To study microbial killing in vitro using APDT. Methods We used a combination of methylene blue and visible light, and a range of microbial species representative of those encountered on the skin in health and disease. Using standard light intensity conditions (slide projector, 25 cm distance from target, 42 mW cm−2) and methylene blue dye at 100 µg mL−1, kill rates and subsequent D-values were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Propionibacterium acnes and Candida albicans. Results D-values for these species were 72, 66, 48, 120, 30 and 660 s, respectively. The effects of light intensity on the killing of S. epidermidis showed the kill rate to be proportional to the light intensity. A high rate of cell kill was also obtained using natural sunlight. Conclusions Overall, these results indicate that APDT of the skin may represent a useful alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04013.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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