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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The thermophilic (55°C) bioconversion of cellulose (α-floc) to volatile fatty acids ceased prior to completion at high cellulose concentrations. This was attributable to the formation of large aggregates of partially digested cellulose which resulted in mass transfer limitations. Mechanical re-dispersion of cellulose enhanced the acid production. The total acid concentration increased from 4.18 g/L volatile acids (control) to 6.92 g/L after two blendings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 75 (1994), S. 141-158 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Microorganisms migrating into and through soil from sources on the land surface may cause a serious threat to both ground and surface waters. It has been estimated that microorganisms can migrate significant distances in the field. Results from various studies suggested that preferential flow through macropores, worm holes, cracks, and fractures is the main reason for such observations. However, a quantitative representation of this phenomenon has not been provided. Microorganisms migrate through soil by advection and dispersion, while being subjected to effects of filtration, adsorption, desorption, growth, decay, sedimentation and chemotaxis. Both laboratory and field investigations have contributed important information on bacterial movement in soils. Qualitative comparisons are generally transferable from laboratory to field situations. Quantitative agreement is much more difficult to establish. Available mathematical modelling of microbial transport is limited in practical application because of the simplifying assumptions used in its development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 16 (1978), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Indicator dilution ; Pulmonary flow ; Pulmonary volume ; Shunt flow ; Transposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Une nouvelle technique de dilution d'indicateur a été proposée pour mesurer le débit du sang dans les poumons des malades, avec transposition complète des artères principales et un défaut dans la cloison atriale ou ventriculaire. La méthode proposée comprend une analyse des trois courbes de dilution d'indicateur, préparées dans l'ordre suivant: injection dans la veine cave et échantillon dans l'artère pulmonaire, injection dans la veine cave et échantillon dans l'aorte, et (généralement) injection dans le ventricule droit et échantillon dans l'aorte. Outre le calcul de la circulation du sang dans les poumons, cette méthode permet celui simultané de la circulation systémique dans l'organisme, de la circulation réelle dans les poumons (débit net dans le défaut septal zu passage d'une circulation faible à une plus grande circulation), et le volume du sang passant dans les poumons. La thèse suggère une mesure quantitative de l'effet physiologique dû au défaut septal. La théorie fut d'ailleurs mise à l'épreuve en utilisant um modèle hydrodynamique simulant une transposition. Le modèle nécessite deux pompes à sang pulsatile Harvard, une chambre en plastique (‘coeur’) contenant un septum défecteux et une sonde fibroptique pour mesurer la concentration d'indicateurin situ. On constata que la technique proposée donnait des valeurs précises pour les débits et les volumes, et que l'efficacité ‘physiologique’ due septum défectueux ne dépendait que de l'endroit affecté.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Indikatorverdünnungsmethode zur Messung des Lungenkreislaufs bei Patienten mit vollständiger Transposition der großen Arterien oder Fehlern der Vorhof- oder Ventrikulärscheidewand vorgeschlagen. Die Methode besteht in der Analyse von drei nacheinande hergestellten Indikatroverdünnungskurven: Injektion in die Hohlvene und Prüfung in der Lungenarterie, Injektion in die Hohlvene und Prüfung in der Aorta und (normalerweise) Injektion in die rechte Herzkammer und Prüfung in der Aorta. Neben dem Lungenkreislauf läßt sich mit diesem Verfahren gleichzeitig auch der Gesemtkreislauf und der effektive Lungenkreislauf (Nettodurchfluß durch den Scheidewanddefekt vom Herz/Lungenkreislauf zum Körperkreislauf) sowie das Blutvolumen in der Lunge bestimmen. Es wird eine quantitative Messung der physiologischen Auswirkung des Scheidewanddefekts vorgeschlagen. Die Theorie wurde an einem hydrodynamischen Versuchsmodell mit simulierter Transposition getestet. Bei dem Modell wurden zwei Harvard Blutpulsierpumpen, eine Kunststoffkammer (‘Herz’) mit einer defekten Scheidewand und eine fibrooptische Testvorrichtung zur Messung der Indikatorkonzentration an Ort und Stelle verwendet. Mit dem Verfahren ließen sich genaue Werte für Blutdurchfluß und Blutvolumen erzielen. Es wurde beobachtet, daß die ‘physiologische’ Auswirkung des Scheidewanddefekts lediglich vom Ausmaß des Defekts abhängt.
    Notes: Abstract A new indicator-dilution technique is proposed for the measurement of pulmonary blood flow in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and a defect in either the atrial or ventricular septum. The proposed method involves analysis of three indicator-dilution curves which have been prepared sequentially as follows: injecting in the vena cava and sampling in the pulmonary artery, injecting in the vena cava and sampling in the aorta, and (usually) injecting in the right ventricle and sampling in the aorta. In addition to the calculation of pulmonary blood flow, this method permits concurrent calculation of systemic blood flow, effective pulmonary blood flow (net flow through the septal defect from lesser to greater circulation), and pulmonary blood volume. A quantitative measure of the physiological effectiveness of the septal defect is suggested. The theory was tested using a hydrodynamic model which simulated transposition. The model employed two Harvard pulsatile blood pumps, a plastic chamber (‘heart’) containing a defective septum, and a optical-fibre probe for measuring indicator concentrationin situ. The proposed technique was found to give accurate values for flows and volumes. The ‘physiological’ effectiveness of the septal defect was observed to be dependent only on the area of the defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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