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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-methacetin breath test as liver function test in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The 13C-methacetin breath test enables the quantitative evaluation of the cytochrome P450-dependent liver function.Aim : To find out whether this breath test is sensitive in noncirrhotic patients also with chronic hepatitis C in early stages of fibrosis.Methods : Sixty-one healthy controls and 81 patients with chronic hepatitis C underwent a 13C-methacetin breath test. In all patients, a liver biopsy was performed. The liver histology was classified according to the histology activity index–Knodell score.Results : Delta over baseline values of the patients at 15 min significantly differed from controls (19.2 ± 9.2‰ vs. 24.1 ± 5.7‰; P 〈 0.003). The cumulative recovery after 30 min in patients was 11.4 ± 4.8% and in healthy controls 13.8 ± 2.8% (P 〈 0.002). However, patients with early fibrosis (histology activity index IVB) did not differ in delta over baseline values of the patients at 15 min (23.2 ± 7.9‰ vs. 22.6 ± 7.2‰; P = 0.61) or cumulative recovery (13.6 ± 3.7% vs. 13.2 ± 3.8%; P = 0.45) from patients with more advanced fibrosis (histology activity index IVC). Patients with clinically nonsymptomatic cirrhosis (histology activity index IVD; Child A) metabolized 13C-methacetin to a significantly lesser extent (delta over baseline values of the patients at 15 min: 8.3 ± 4.9‰; P 〈 0.005 and cumulative recovery after 30 min: 5.6 ± 3.2%; P 〈 0.003). The 13C-methacetin breath test identified cirrhotic patients with 95.0% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity.Conclusion : The non-invasive 13C-methacetin breath test reliably distinguishes between early cirrhotic (Child A) and noncirrhotic patients, but fails to detect early stages of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02317.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: predictive factors for dose reduction and treatment discontinuation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Treatment with interferon-alpha has been shown to be effective in one-third of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients, but is clinically associated with relevant adverse events.Aim : To investigate the safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2b in 300 hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with compensated liver disease.Methods : Patients were treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2b for 52 weeks combined with either lamivudine 100 mg/day or placebo. Pegylated interferon alpha-2b was administered for 100 μg once a week for 32 weeks; thereafter, the dose was reduced to 50 μg once a week. Adverse events and their effect on study medication were reported at monthly visits in a standardized way.Results : The most frequently reported side-effects were flu-like syndrome (68%), headache (40%), fatigue (39%), myalgia (29%) and local reaction at the injection site (29%). These symptoms typically occurred within the first month of therapy and subsided during the course of therapy. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia induced by pegylated interferon alpha-2b increased the risk of infections and bleeding complications, but these complications were rare and mild. The frequency of all side-effects was not different between patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2b combined with lamivudine or placebo. In 69 (22%) patients the dose of pegylated interferon alpha-2b was reduced prematurely. Of these dose reductions, 36 (52%) were because of neutropenia. Therapy was discontinued in 28 (8%) patients. The most frequent reasons for early discontinuation were psychiatric side-effects (depression, psychosis) and flu-like symptoms. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low neutrophil count at baseline and cirrhosis were independent predictors of dose reduction or therapy discontinuation.Conclusion : We conclude that in patients with chronic hepatitis B and compensated liver disease prolonged pegylated interferon alpha-2b therapy is safe, and that pre-existent cirrhosis and neutropenia are the most important predictors of dose reduction or early treatment discontinuation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02453.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Synthetic Peptide of the Effector Domain of rab3A Stimulates Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production in Digitonin-Permeabilized Pancreatic Acini
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 192 (1993), S. 1030-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.1520
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic RAB3A Effector Domain Peptide Stir Stimulates Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production in Various Permeabilized Cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 203 (1994), S. 756-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.2247
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on Cholecystokinin-Induced Amylase Release and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production in Pancreatic Acinar Cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 190 (1993), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.1015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guanosine nuceleotides modulate the inhibitory effect of Brefeldin A on protein secretion
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 288 (1991), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Brefeldin A ; Guanosine nucleotide ; Protein secretion ; Protein synthesis ; Pulse-chase experiment ; Small molecular weight GTP-binding protein
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(91)81021-Y
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prostaglandins and indomethacin on gastric emptying in the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Prostaglandins 47 (1994), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0090-6980
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0090-6980(94)90072-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential binding of sulphated insulin to adipocytes and hepatocytes (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 184-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Sulphated insulin ; adipocytes ; hepatocytes ; insulin ; receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The polymerization and precipitation of highly purified insulins which causes major problems in portable infusion systems does not occur with sulphated insulin. To compare the biological behaviour of sulphated insulin with that of a neutral highly purified monocomponent insulin, insulin receptor studies were performed on human and rat adipocytes and rat hepatocytes. Sulphated insulin displayed a lower affinity for binding to both human and rat adipocytes compared with neutral insulin, approximately four times the concentration being required to achieve half-maximal displacement of monoiodoinsulin (p〈0.05 and 0.01, respectively). A 20-fold higher concentration of sulphated insulin was required for half-maximal displacement from rat hepatocytes (p〈0.025). However, sulphated insulin bound to liver membranes with an affinity more closely resembling that for adipocytes rather than hepatocytes. Differences in the intracellular processing of the negatively charged insulin could account for the observed lower affinity of binding to hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro activity of biosynthetic human diarginylinsulin (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intermediate acting insulin ; biosynthetic human diarginylinsulin ; insulin receptor binding ; glucose transport ; anti-lipolysis ; protamine allergy ; proinsulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In diarginylinsulin two arginine residues are located at the C-terminal end of the B-chain (ArgB31 and ArgB32). This accounts for a shift of the isoelectric point from pH 5.4 in native insulin to pH 7.0 in diarginylinsulin leading to pharmacodynamic characteristics of an intermediate acting insulin when administered s. c. as pH 4.0–5.0 solution. We have investigated insulin receptor binding and biological activity of biosynthetic human diarginylinsulin in human adipocytes and compared to native insulin and proinsulin. Association- and dissociation studies of insulin receptor binding revealed no differences for diarginylinsulin and native insulin. In competition studies under steady-state binding conditions, half-maximal displacement of tracer occurred at 352±33 pmol/l, 337±32 pmol/l and 3640±480 pmol/l for diarginylinsulin, insulin and proinsulin, respectively. The biologic potency of human diarginylinsulin was evaluated by the ability to stimulate D-glucose transport and by the assessment of the antilipolytic activity. Activation of D-glucose transport was half-maximal at 49.6±5.4 pmol/l (diarginylinsulin), 44.8±5.8 pmol/l (insulin) and at 476.7±134.3 pmol/l (proinsulin). Half-maximal inhibition of lipolysis occurred at 13.9±3.4 pmol/l, 15.4±2.9 pmol/l and 138.4±38.6 pmol/l, respectively. In conclusion, diarginylinsulin has almost identical insulin receptor binding characteristics and full biological activity in vitro compared to native insulin. This pharmacodynamically intermediate acting insulin preparation is therefore of potential therapeutical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401042
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gut-liver axis (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 59-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Keywords Enterohepatic circulation ; Bile acids ; Motility ; Portal system ; Inflammatory bowel disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The gut and the liver are the key organs in nutrient absorption and metabolism. Bile acids, drugs, and toxins undergo extensive enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids play a major role in several hepatic and intestinal diseases. Endotoxins deriving from intestinal Gram-negative bacteria are important in the pathogenesis of liver and systemic diseases. Chronic liver diseases can influence gastrointestinal motility, which together with other factors may contribute to bacterial overgrowth and in patients with ascites to an increased risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patients with end-stage liver disease frequently develop portal hypertension leading to varices, gastric vascular ectasia, and portal hypertensive gastroenteropathy. Several liver and biliary abnormalities are observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cholelithiasis). The primary defect in hemochromatosis is located in the intestine, causing an inappropriate increase in iron absorption, and the liver is the site of earliest and heaviest iron deposition. Elevated transaminases are observed in many patients with celiac disease, and steatohepatitis frequently develops in patients with jejunoileal bypass and short bowel syndrome. Furthermore, the liver is the primary organ for metastasis of intestinal cancer. Many viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases affect the intestine as well as the liver and the biliary tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050236
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