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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaos in a dynamic model of traffic flows in an origin-destination network (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 8 (1998), S. 503-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we investigate the dynamic behavior of road traffic flows in an area represented by an origin-destination (O–D) network. Probably the most widely used model for estimating the distribution of O–D flows is the gravity model, [J. de D. Ortuzar and L. G. Willumsen, Modelling Transport (Wiley, New York, 1990)] which originated from an analogy with Newton's gravitational law. The conventional gravity model, however, is static. The investigation in this paper is based on a dynamic version of the gravity model proposed by Dendrinos and Sonis by modifying the conventional gravity model [D. S. Dendrinos and M. Sonis, Chaos and Social-Spatial Dynamics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990)]. The dynamic model describes the variations of O–D flows over discrete-time periods, such as each day, each week, and so on. It is shown that when the dimension of the system is one or two, the O–D flow pattern either approaches an equilibrium or oscillates. When the dimension is higher, the behavior found in the model includes equilibria, oscillations, periodic doubling, and chaos. Chaotic attractors are characterized by (positive) Liapunov exponents and fractal dimensions.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166331
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phospholipase A2 Engineering. The Roles of Disulfide Bonds in Structure, Conformational Stability, and Catalytic Function (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 15307-15314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00046a040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEPARATION OF TOCOPHEROL SUCCINATES FROM DEODORIZER DISTILLATE (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Isolation of tocopherol succinates from sterol-removed, succinated deodorizer distillate (DOD) mixture by crystallization was investigated. Membrane technology was also evaluated for its effectiveness to separate tocopherol succinates from mixtures containing sterols and tocopherols. Crystallization was conducted at −20C for 24 h with different solvents, including hexane, petroleum ether, and a mixture of acetone and methanol (4:1, v/v). The crystallization results showed that recovery of tocopherol succinates from the cake fraction was poor with all solvents tested, with less than 10% of original tocopherol succinates in the raw material being crystallized under conditions employed. Among the solvents tested, hexane was better for the recovery of non-α-tocopherol succinates in the cake fraction. Furthermore, a high properties of free fatty acids (FFA) was co-crystallized along with tocopherol succinates for all solvents used, leading to tocopherol succinates contents in the cake fractions lower than that in the raw material. Two nanofiltration membranes (DS-7 and AP01) were also examined using hexane or petroleum ether as a solvent. The recovery of tocopherol succinates was over 60%. However, their concentration was increased only by 6%. A combined process was then evaluated that included crystallization before succinylation, succinylation, first stage membrane separation, and second stage membrane separation. The final tocopherols concentration derived from this combined process was mice as much as that of the original DOD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2004.tb00258.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREPARATION OF TOCOPHEROL SUCCINATES FROM DEODORIZER DISTILLATE (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 10 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Preparation of tocopherol succinates from deodorizer distillate (DOD) with or without pretreatment was studied. To reduce damage to tocopherols, the reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen during heating. For DOD as a raw material, the succinylation procedure for converting tocopherols to tocopherol succinates was optimized in terms of type of catalyst, reaction time, and reaction temperature. Potassium acetate performed best among the catalysts tested. Using potassium acetate, 90% conversion was achieved within 30 min for total tocopherols and within 90 min for α-tocopherol. The optimal reaction time ranged from 60 to 90 min. To obtain rapid reaction and high conversion, the suitable temperature range was 100–140C. Under optimal conditions, a conversion of 93% was reached. For sterol-removed DOD as a raw material, the succinylation reaction was carried out at 140C for 1 h using potassium acetate as a catalyst. When using 10% of succinic anhydride and 1.3% of catalyst, over 80% of total tocopherols were converted to tocopherol succinates with conversion of α-tocopherol being highest among all isomers (over 90%). The conversion was significantly increased to over 90% by increasing the amount of succinic anhydride from 10 to 13% and that of the catalyst from 1.3 to 2%. Meanwhile, the free fatty acid (FFA) content was increased to approximately 10% after the succinylation reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2003.tb00008.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy and Electron Transfer Reactions of the MLCT State of Ruthenium Tris(bipyridyl) with Molecular Oxygen: A Laser Flash Photolysis Study (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 12797-12803 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100034a018
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  • 6
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    Effects of Dysphoria on Maternal Exchange Dispositions (1990)
    Provincetown, Mass., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Psychology. 124:6 (1990:Nov.) 685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3980
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1140-1990-124-06-000008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Actinidia and related genera based on micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 627-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Actinidia ; Clematoclethra ; foliar trichome ; phylogenetic analysis ; Rhododendron ; Saurauia ; Sladenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia and among 3 allied genera Clematoclethra, Saurauia, and Sladenia have been very controversial. In order to understand the systematic implication of foliar trichomes in those genera, the micromorphological characteristics of foliar trichomes from 34 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed micromorphological characteristics were classified into eight main types. A phylogenetic analysis of Actinidia and related genera based on 15 micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes was conducted using Wagner parsimony method and Sladenia celastrifolia, Rhododendron hybridum and R. simsii as a complex outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, Actinidia is shown to be a monophyletic group, and Clematoclethra and Saurauia form another monophyletic group. This study also presents the phylogenetic relationships among 4 sections within the genus Actinidia: the monophyly of sect. Leiocarpae and of sect. Strigosae, and polyphyly of sect. Maculatae and of sect. Stellatae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026572524970
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