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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size-dependent superparamagnetic properties of MgFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanocrystallites (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3156-3158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superparamagnetism is a unique and important aspect of magnetism in nanoparticles. The superparamagnetic properties of the MgFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles with the particle size from about 6 to 18 nm are studied. The blocking temperature is a function of the particle size and increases with increasing particle size. The coercivity of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles also is a function of the particle size below the blocking temperature. When the temperature rises above the blocking temperature, the nanoparticles show nonhysteresis magnetization behaviors. With these interesting superparamagnetic properties, MgFe2O4 nanoparticles have potentials for applications such as ferrofluids, magnetocaloric refrigeration, and the contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122704
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pay to Switch or Pay to Stay: Preference-Based Price Discrimination in Markets with Switching Costs (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of economics & management strategy 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In many markets, firms can price discriminate between their own customers and their rivals' customers, charging one price to consumers who prefer their own product and another price to consumers who prefer a rival's product. We find that when demand is symmetric, charging a lower price to a rival's customers is always optimal. When demand is asymmetric, however, it may be more profitable to charge a lower price to one's own customers. Surprisingly, price discrimination can lead to lower prices to all consumers, not only to the group that is more elastic, but also to the less elastic group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2000.00397.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles doped with lanthanide ions (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3651-3653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Lanthanide ions have been doped into cobalt spinel ferrites using an oil-in-water micellar method to form CoLn0.12Fe1.88O4 nanoparticles with Ln=Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, or Er. Doping with lanthanide ions (LnIII) modulates the magnetic properties of cobalt spinel ferrite nanoparticles. In particular cases of Gd3+ or Dy3+ ions, a dramatic increase in the blocking temperature and coercivity is observed. Indeed, the introduction of only 4% of Gd3+ ions increases the blocking temperature ∼100 K and the coercivity 60%. Initial studies on the magnetic properties of these doped nanoparticles clearly demonstrate that the relationship between the modulation of magnetic properties and the nature of doped LnIII ions is interesting but very complex. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377621
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing the magnetic anisotropy constant of spinel cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3624-3626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy have been combined to determine the magnetic anisotropy constant K of spinel CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The anisotropy constant is 2.23×106 erg/cm3 for CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 8.5 nm. A relaxation-time constant of τ0=1.90×10−14 s has also been obtained. The magnetic anisotropy distribution function of the nanoparticles has been extracted from the temperature dependence of remanence decay in SQUID measurements. The population percentage of the superparamagnetically relaxed nanoparticles at each temperature can be calculated from this anisotropy distribution function. Such a population calculation from SQUID measurements can also fit the results from Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements even though these two measuring methods are fundamentally distinct. Such a successful fit implies that the anisotropy distribution function from our SQUID measurement is truly an intrinsic feature of the nanoparticles. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diamondlike properties in a single phase carbon nitride solid (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2639-2641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The intrinsic properties and bonding of single phase carbon nitride thin films of stoichiometry C2N have been studied. C2N exhibits high electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity that are similar to the properties shown by diamondlike carbon (DLC) films. Electron energy loss spectroscopy studies how, however, that the carbon in C2N is sp2-hybridized rather than sp3-bonded carbon as in DLC. This carbon bonding in C2N film leads to a high thermal stability that makes C2N distinct from DLC and nitrogen doped DLCs, and thus an attractive candidate for applications. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116317
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and composition of covalent carbon nitride solids (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3582-3584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The composition, growth mechanism, and phases of carbon nitride thin films obtained from the reaction of laser ablated carbon and atomic nitrogen have been investigated. The nitrogen composition was found to increase to a limiting value of 50% as the fluence was decreased for laser ablation at both 532 nm and 248 nm. Analysis of these data shows that the overall growth rate determines the nitrogen composition, and suggests that a surface reaction between carbon and nitrogen represents a key step in the growth mechanism. Infrared spectroscopy has also been used to assess the phases present in the carbon nitride thin films. The implications of these results to the stoichiometry of covalent carbon nitride are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113794
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of covalent carbon - nitride solids: Alternatives to diamond? (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 497-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940060614
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