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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 441-445 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Reference materials ; Traceability ; Chemical identification ; Amount of substance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  In this article the role of reference materials is confined to chemical measurements only. Recognized reference materials are one of the tools to obtain comparability of analytical results. Recognition demands confidence in the reference materials and in the reference material producers. A reference material producer is a technical competent body that is fully responsible for the certified or other property values of the reference material. The "analyte" has to be specified in relation to the selectivity of analytical procedure. The full range of reference materials can be presented as a three-dimensional space of the coordinates: analyte, matrix and application. If reference materials are used for calibration or correction of calibrations they establish the traceability of results of chemical measurements. The traceability is only valid within a stated range of uncertainty. Pure substances can represent the unit of amount of substance. A precondition is the microscale specification of the analyte and the accurate determination of the main component and/or the impurities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 158-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Traceability ; Reference materials ; Method validation ; Proficiency testing ; Reliability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Global decisions made on the basis of chemical analytical results need global comparability. The concept of traceability is important and necessary but not sufficient to achieve global comparability, especially for routine analysis in environmental protection, health care and public safety. Sometimes comparability is only determined by the method. In this case validated methods have to be known and recognized internationally. In addition, a minimum level of proficiency of the personnel producing analytical results has to be guaranteed. Finally, a system of measures designed to build up trust is needed for worldwide acceptance of analytical results. The method of self-declaration by the supplier of chemical analytical services has the advantage of presenting specific responsibility and gaining a good reputation. Additional methods should be employed. The evaluation of reference materials by specific quality criteria is mentioned as an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 101 (1968), S. 1052-1055 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Aminomethylierung der Heterocycloalkanone-(3) Thiophanon-(3), Tetrahydrothio-pyranon-(3) und Chromanon-(3) findet im sauren Medium bevorzugt in 4-Stellung und nicht an der dem Heteroatom benachbarten Methylengruppe statt. Die Struktur der Amin-Eliminierungsprodukte aus Mannich-Basen-Hydrochloriden von 2-Äthoxycarbonyl-tetra-hydrothiopyranon-(3) und 2-Äthoxycarbonyl-thiophanon-(3) weist ebenfalls auf eine Substitution in 4-Stellung hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 522-526 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Configuration of the 1,3-Dichloro-2-methyl-l-propenesDetermination of the configurations of 1,3-dichloro-2-methyl-1-propenes (1) was performed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy using the isomer pairs of 1,3-dichloro-1-propenes (2), 1-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene-3-ols (3) and 1-chloro-1-propene-3-ols (4) as reference compounds. The chemical shifts, vicinal coupling constants, relative LIS value and NOE effects were in an unambiguous agreement with the (Z)-configuration of the lower-boiling isomer of 1.
    Notes: Die Konfigurationen von 1,3-Dichlor-2-methyl-1-propenen (1) werden mittels 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie zugeordnet. Als Vergleichssubstanzen dienten die Isomeren von 1,3-Dichlor-1-propen (2), 1-Chlor-2-methyl-1-propen-3-ol (3) und 1-Chlor-1-propen-3-ol (4). Die chemischen Verschiebungen, vicinalen Kopplungskonstanten, relativen LIS-Werte und NOE-Effekte stehen mit der (Z)-Konfiguration des niedriger siedenden Isomeren von 1 eindeutig im Einklang.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Crystal structure ; Solution structure ; Homodinuclear lanthanide complexes ; Lanthanides ; Macrocyclic ligands ; Polyamine polycarboxylic acid ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solid-state structures of the four homodinuclear chelate complexes, [Na2(Y2OHEC)(H2O)2] · 7 H2O · C2H5OH (1), [Na2(Gd2OHEC)(H2O)2] · 12 H2O (2), [Na2(Eu2OHEC)(H2O)2] · 11 H2O (3), and [Cs2(La2OHEC)(H2O)2] · 14 H2O (4) (H8OHEC = 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaazacyclohexacosane-1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaacetic acid), were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Each lanthanide(III) ion is ninefold coordinated by eight donor atoms of the ligand system and the oxygen atom of one water molecule. The structures are compared with those of DOTA- and TETA-coordinated complexes and the conformation of the OHEC ligand system with that of the parent amine and its dinuclear copper complex. NMR investigations of the diamagnetic complex 1indicate a very similar environment of the lanthanide cations in solution and in the solid state. Low-temperature and variable-temperature 1H-NMR measurements prove the existence of two isomers of 1 (3.5:1 ratio) which undergo conformational processes. The rate constants of these processes were deduced from a complete line shape analysis and were used to determine the activation parameters.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/1999/99081_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 4 (1991), S. 31-47 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The intrinsic mechanism of circumambulatory rearrangements of 5-bromo-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetramethoxycarbonylcyclopentadiene, 5-bromo-1,2,3,4 5-pentamethoxycarbonylcyclopentadien and 5-bromo- 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylcyclopentadiene due to sigmatropic shifts of bromine over the cyclopentadiene ring was proved, using the dynamic 13C and 1H NMR technique, to be governed by successive intramolecular 1,5-sigmatropic shifts. Semi-empirical AM1 and MINDO/3 calculations of reactions paths performed for fluoro-, chloro- and bromocyclopentadienes are in accord with the conclusion of a preference for a 1,5- over a 1,3-shift reaction path of halogen migration over a cyclopentadiene system. Intramolecular 1,5-sigmatropic shifts of chlorine in 5-chloro-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetramethoxycarbonylcyclopentadiene with the free energy barrier of ΔG298+ = 26.1 kcal mol-1 were studied using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Macrocyclic ligands ; Lanthanides ; Copper ; Polyamines ; Polycarboxylic acids ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optimized synthesis of two new macrocyclic polyamine polycarboxylic ligands, 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaazacyclohexacosane-1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaacetic acid (H8OHEC) (10) and 1,4,7, 10,13,16,19,22-octaazacyclotetracosane-1,4,7,10, 13,16,19,22-octaacetic acid (H8OTEC) (12), is presented. The key step in the synthesis of both is the high yield carboxymethylation of the corresponding macrocyclic amines using tert-butyl bromoacetate followed by acidic hydrolysis of the acetate protecting groups. The molecular structures of the intermediates 1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23-octaazacyclohexacosane (OHEC-amine) (8), and octa-tert-butyl 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22- octaazacyclotetracosane-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octaacetate (OTEC-ester) (11) are determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. OHEC-amine 8 reacts with 2 equiv. of CuSO4 yielding the dinuclear complex [Cu2(OHEC-amine)](SO4)2 (13). Complex 13 crystallizes with 16 molecules of water. 13 · 16 H2O contains two copper atoms, which are coordinated in a strongly distorted octahedral fashion by four nitrogen atoms, one oxygen atom from the sulfate dianion and one oxygen atom from a water molecule. The new ligands 10 and 12 are fully characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Both ligands form dinuclear lanthanide(III) chelates (Ln=Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb, Lu), which are stable and highly water soluble. With lanthanum(III) only mononuclear complexes are formed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1449-1450 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: BF3. OEt2-catalyzed reaction of cyclic thioureas (1) with 2-benzylidenecycloalkanones (2) afforded tricyclic 1,3-thiazines (3, 4). The progress of the reactions was found to depend on the ring size of both 1 and 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 313 (1971), S. 614-625 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen wurden NMR-, UV- und CD-spektroskopisch untersucht. An Hand der chemischen Verschiebung der Protonen des Zuckerrestes wurde für alle untersuchten N-β-D-Glucopyranoside eine anti-Konformation nachgewiesen. Das Vorzeichen der Cotton-Effekte der Glucopyranoside und Desoxyribofuranoside hängt außer von der Konfiguration wesentlich von der Struktur des Aglykons ab. Veränderungen in unmittelbarer Nähe des glykosidischen Stickstoffatoms (6-Azathymin- und Pyridazon-(3)-Derivate) führen zu einer Umkehr des Vorzeichens der Cotton-Effekte.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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